METHODOLOGY OF STATISTICS
In article the local market of services in the field of information technologies as a part of information space of the region including all institutional units and IT infrastructure of the region is considered. Such approach is caused by rather small contribution of this type of activity to a gross regional product in the conditions of economic crisis, reducing by the companies costs and freezing of large infrastructure projects. Development of information society is characterized by tendencies of promotion of mobile services, artificial intelligence, socialization, use of a cloud computing and is followed by involvement of households, state management and business in a common information space. However traditionally market research of IT services and information space represent the isolated researches of the market and humanitarian direction.
The purpose of this article is development of a single technique and system of indicators for the analysis of the local market of IT services in information space of the region. Authors determinae components of information space in which there is a configuration of the local market, the demand and supply. Development of an analysis technique of the local market of IT services is preceded by the description of structure of information space of the region as the open system exchanging with the external environment information resources. Basic elements of structure are social and economic system in which the local market of IT services, ICT infrastructure and information resources functions. Information analysis base is the system of statistics which sources can be an official statistics, analytics of Internet resources and data of selective inspections of demand in the local market.
The technique of a research represents an analysis algorithm of all components of information space and the market of IT services. For each analysis stage authors proved statistics for the solution of a certain task. At the final stage the temporary periods of the analysis, statistical dependences of result of market development of IT services on factors, conditions and restrictions are proved in the region. In the course of development of a technique the main problems of a research of the market of IT services, including connected, with lack of IT services as separate type of economic activity are revealed. Limitation of data for research of information region space is compensated by development of the universal questionnaire and results of field inspection in the course of accomplishment of a grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. The need for implementation of educational programs in the field of IT technologies for the population is revealed that can serve as a demand growth incentive in the local market of IT services.
The practical importance of technique consists in reasons for approaches to regulation of the local market of IT services in the conditions of the current state of information region space.
In the context of modernization of the Russian system of higher education, it is necessary to analyze the working time of the university lecturers, taking into account both basic job functions as the university lecturer, and others.
The mathematical problem is presented for the optimal working time planning for the university lecturers. The review of the documents, native and foreign works on the study is made. Simulation conditions, based on analysis of the subject area, are defined. Models of optimal working time sharing of the university lecturers («the second half of the day») are developed and implemented in the system MathCAD. Optimal solutions have been obtained.
Three problems have been solved:
1) to find the optimal time sharing for «the second half of the day» in a certain position of the university lecturer;
2) to find the optimal time sharing for «the second half of the day» for all positions of the university lecturers in view of the established model of the academic load differentiation;
3) to find the volume value of the non-standardized part of time work in the department for the academic year, taking into account: the established model of an academic load differentiation, distribution of the Faculty number for the positions and the optimal time sharing «the second half of the day» for the university lecturers of the department.
Examples are given of the analysis results. The practical application of the research: the developed models can be used when planning the working time of an individual professor in the preparation of the work plan of the university department for the academic year, as well as to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the administrative decisions in the development of local university regulations.
ECONOMIC STATISTICS
The article is devoted to consideration and evaluation of machinery, equipment and special equipment, methodological aspects of the use of standards for assessment of buildings and structures in current prices, the valuation of residential, specialized houses, office premises, assessment and reassessment of existing and inactive military assets, the application of statistical methods to obtain the relevant cost estimates.
The objective of the scientific article is to consider possible application of statistical tools in the valuation of the assets, composing the core group of elements of national wealth – the fixed assets. Firstly, capital tangible assets constitute the basis of material base of a new value creation, products and non-financial services. The gain, accumulated of tangible assets of a capital nature is a part of the gross domestic product, and from its volume and specific weight in the composition of GDP we can judge the scope of reproductive processes in the country.
Based on the methodological materials of the state statistics bodies of the Russian Federation, regulations of the theory of statistics, which describe the methods of statistical analysis such as the index, average values, regression, the methodical approach is structured in the application of statistical tools to obtain value estimates of property, plant and equipment with significant accumulated depreciation. Until now, the use of statistical methodology in the practice of economic assessment of assets is only fragmentary. This applies to both Federal Legislation (Federal law № 135 «On valuation activities in the Russian Federation» dated 16.07.1998 in edition 05.07.2016) and the methodological documents and regulations of the estimated activities, in particular, the valuation activities’ standards. A particular problem is the use of a digital database of Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service), as to the specific fixed assets the comparison should be carried out precisely in the boundary of the typological group to which the object is identified.
The rationale for the comprehensive application of statistical methods in the implementation of cost and comparative approaches in the assessment of economic assets, practical component, are a primary result of scientific research. It is not enough to use methodological developments in the assessment activities in modern conditions of market development and scientific and technical level for the large-scale evaluation of all available material resources of the economy and their total potential. The application of mathematical-statistical apparatus, therefore, is an objective necessity for obtaining general indicators of the size of the national wealth.
In conclusion, we can mention about the methodical approaches, the building of model algorithms application of statistical methods in solving scientific and practical problems, depending on the identification belonging of the valued objects. It is premature to talk about the formalization of the application of statistical methods, the results of which would be transformed into a сertain reporting. It requires the solution of a question on the fixed assets’ census at least at the level of regions, subjects of the Russian Federation.
SOCIAL STATISTICS
The world education system everything will more be transformed to the multi-billion industry, one of the profitable directions of which is training of foreign students. Creation and development of successfully functioning system of the international education, attraction of a significant amount of foreign students are not only to increase the budget of higher education institution and to lift its prestige, but also and a method of promotion of policy, culture, economy, a conduct of life of the host country home. With respect there to research and practical interest has studying and the analysis of the main directions of development of the international market of educational services. This article in which changes of the main indicators reflecting the main vectors of export of education in the leading countries - exporters and in our country are considered is also devoted to these questions.
The purpose of work is the analysis of development of the international market of educational services in recent years. The analysis of analytical and statistical information on the processes happening in this area, both at the international level, and in Russia is the basis.
In the course of the research the methods of the analytical and logical analysis on the basis of statistical data promoting more detailed studying of dynamic and structural changes of the social and economic phenomena and processes were used.
In general for the last 30 years the extent of the international student’s mobility increased more than by 6 times. The international educational market constantly develops, increasing the turnover. However flows of the international students periodically change the orientation, both on countries of source, and over the countries of training. At the same time it is possible to note that changes in structure of the largest countries recipients happen more slowly, than as a part of the countries delivering foreign students. The largest world sources of the international students are such countries now as: India, China, Korea. It is also possible to note, despite certain efforts of the Russian higher education institutions on involvement of foreign students, country line items in the global market of educational services aren’t high. The carried-out analysis allowed to reveal a number of the main a tendency of development of the international market of educational services among which to the main treat the growing demand for receipt of the higher education outside the country, the amplifying competition for involvement of foreign students in higher education institutions and shift from mass set of students more selective set of talented youth.
ECONOMICS
For the effective management of migration processes, maximizing the positive outcomes and minimizing the negative consequences, in 2012 the Russian Federation adopted the Concept of the state migration policy for the period up to 2025, which defined the main goals, objectives and principles of the Russian migration policy (hereinafter – the Concept).
Stabilization and increasing permanent population of the country is one of the most important goals.
However, the priority objective to achieve this goal is to create the conditions and incentives for the resettlement of compatriots, living abroad to the Russian Federation for the permanent residence, emigrants and certain categories of foreign nationals, necessary for the Russian economy.
In this direction, the Concept of the state migration policy for the period up to 2025 provides as follows: [1]
• Assistance to voluntary resettlement of compatriots, living abroad to the Russian Federation and emigrants’ returning;
• Implementation of the State program to assist the voluntary resettlement of compatriots, living abroad to the Russian Federation, its modernization and making it termless;
• Facilitating resettlement of foreign nationals for the purpose of family reunification to the Russian Federation;
• Upgrading of institutions of temporary residence permit and a residence permit.
Taking into account the economic, demographic and political challenges and threats, assistance to the voluntary resettlement of compatriots, residing in other countries to the Russian Federation, is the most important strategic resource to solve a number of important issues and tasks.
The implemented «State program to assist the voluntary resettlement of compatriots, living abroad to the Russian Federation» [2] is aimed to consolidate the potential of compatriots, to the needs of progressive development of the regions of the country and the economy as a whole.
The objectives of the program are:
• Promotion and organization of the voluntary resettlement of compatriots on the permanent residence in the Russian Federation;
• Assistance to the social and economic development in the regions;
• Solution of demographic problems, especially in the priority areas of settlement.
At the same time, the State program requires a systematic improvement and adjustment, paying attention on external and internal changes.
This article discusses the resettlement policy of the Russian Federation, explores the current key issues in this area, in the sphere of migration policy, analyzes the issues of improving the legal support of resettlement of compatriots, living abroad to the territory of Russia, presents statistical data on the number of participants and regional settlement, considers preferences, received by compatriots, decided to move on a permanent basis in Russia, as well as the preliminary results of the State program on resettlement of compatriots to the Russian Federation.
A study of the economic nature of expenses for the industrial and defense enterprises occurs through the definition of a conceptual framework, harmonization of definitions of such things as cost, costs and expenses. In the study, these concepts are used as equivalent terms. In theory, there are different classifications of production cost and sales of products’ cost, a part of which is not used in practice. While analyzing the legislative division into elements it was proposed to complement the legal classification of an element of the costs of supply and distribution. The need for categorization is obvious, which is possible after considering the existing classifications of expenditures in the completely manufacturing process. This study shows that they do not solve all the tasks by the cost control. This problem can be solved if you set the relationship of costs and revenues with the actions of the persons, responsible for the use of resources and introduce so-called responsibility centers.
The most promising methods include: cost-benefit analysis, planning on a zero basis, strategic cost management in the organization. The comparative analysis allowed to create the fundamental basis for their combined use in the creation of a mechanism to control costs, because this method is widely used in recent times by progressive enterprises. However, there are problems of its implementation with regard to the current economic situation in the state.
The law regulates supply and marketing policy of the companies. The analysis of the used classifications in the supply and marketing systems of the enterprises allowed offering group costs. Their elements are described in detail and delimitation of the production costs is carried out. There is no such a division in practical activities of enterprises.
To confirm this fact and clarify further research directions, we have considered the real status of the expenses for manufacture and realization of production and analyzed the functionality of the system of supply and distribution that helped to create an element base for our study.
In addition, the structural parts of the supply and marketing systems are defined that need to work in the process of cost management in industrial and defense industries.
It was found that for creation of the effective, scientific-methodical instrument of cost management for supply and distribution it is necessary to study the main approaches, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each. Besides, principles and methods are different when functioning of the strategic and operational levels of the management costs.
Thus, the solution of the scientific task will be to study and develop the scientific methodology of cost management in industrial enterprises and enterprises of the military-industrial complex, essential for the solution of problems of pricing and optimization of production processes.
We are considering planning and managing of logistic cycle, its impact on the content of the main processes that comprise the cycle to implement the order for the supply of material resources for industrial consumption, as well as its practical use, effectiveness, and prospects.
This research paper is made on the basis of the information, received from textbooks and scientific literature of domestic and foreign authors, as well as from other sources. The main methods, used in this work are as follows: method of system analysis, method of the theory of operations’ research, prognostics. Application of these methods allows forecasting material flows, creating the integrated management systems and controlling their movements, developing systems of logistic service, to optimize supply stock and solve a number of other tasks.
A logistic approach to form a modern system of logistics will save time, reduce costs for the purchase of material resources, their delivery and storage.
In modern conditions of the market economy, the considered time parameters of the logistic chain are essential for manufacturing enterprises because their records significantly increase the efficiency of the logistical system.
Logistics is equipped with a special complex of economic and mathematical models, the main feature of which is the adaptability, i.e. ability to solve complex optimization problems in the operational mode and in the process of the management of material flows. The primary role of these models in a market economy is to identify quickly points of compromise.
Dynamics to functional cycles gives the necessity to align resource needs «input» and «output». «Input» functional cycle is an order that specifies requirements for a product or service. Logistical system, which is able to complete fully the order of any size, as a rule, needs in the «combined» functional cycles, including different transactions and operations at different stages. The «output» of the system – expected results to perform the logistics operations. We can talk about the effectiveness of the functional cycle structure due to the operational needs.
The effectiveness of the functional cycle is directly related to the resource cost. The efficiency and productivity of the functional cycles are the key indicators in logistical management.
Functional cycles are forming a single supply chain and link its participants. Thus, the functional cycle is the main object of the design and operational management in logistical systems, its structure is the basis for making the integrated logistics.