The purpose of the study is to substantiate the role and importance of statistics as a living social science that objectively reflects human development in conditions of instability. The hypothesis of this study is that statistics has a positive impact on human development through digital meters that comply with international norms and standards that reflect the relationship of a person with the state, society and the global economy. The relevance of the research is determined by the needs of using official statistical data to understand the verity and the truth about human development. However, comprehensive research on the problems of human development.

The materials and methods of research are the theory and methodology of statistics, digital meters of human development and methods of multifactorial analysis of various data.

Research results: the author concludes that the idea of human development, which originated in ancient times, is of current importance. The concept of human development is formulated as processes of change in which the development of personality, the strengthening of current and future human capital, the exploitation of natural resources, the direction of investment, the orientation of scientific and technological progress are coordinated with each other and aimed at improving the quality of life of the population. The approbation of official statistics data reflecting human development through population conservation and effective policy was carried out for the period 1990–2023.

Conclusion: the use of statistics as a social science to reflect human development through population conservation and effective policy has made it possible to identify problems hindering the improvement of the quality of life of the population. The least studied area of research has been identified – the relationship of human development with the needs and behavior of the population, as well as the consumer side of human and social life. The conducted research led to the conclusion that increasing the role and importance of official statistics will make it possible to more objectively learn the verity and the truth about the life of the population and the problems hindering sustainable human development in the regions of the country.  

The relevance of the research lies in the priori necessity of constant current collection of statistical data on the results of financial performances of enterprises of the Omsk region, which are engaged in crop production. Scrupulous study of such information, relating, in our case, to single fiscal periods, provides the management of such enterprises with an invaluable opportunity for comparative self-analysis, making it realistic for them to compare their own performance with the results of competitors with a similar structure of disposable assets and liabilities, which, in turn, allows for much more flexible and rational operational and strategic management.

Purpose of the study. To study the results of financial activity of small, medium and large enterprises of the Omsk region, engaged in crop production, on the basis of application of the main indexes of financial analysis; to generalise and systematise the obtained data with the help of statistical methods for the needs of comparative analysis and to obtain some kind of normative values of the considered financial indexes; to reflect the results of the analysis in a visual graphic form to simplify an understanding for potential stakeholders.

Materials and methods. The basis for qualitative and quantitative analysis of financial results are consolidated balance sheets of each individual agricultural enterprise. As a theoretical basis for the study are normative-legal acts and documents, as well as scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors. The methodology of the conducted scientific research consists of general scientific methods (comparative analysis, classification, generalisation, analysis and synthesis) and specific statistical and economic methods (statistical observation, grouping, use of generalising indicators and indexes).

Results. The practical application of specific statistical methods is substantiated, the significance of statistical values is shown, and examples of their derivation using Microsoft Excel package are demonstrated, and Libre Office Tables (Calc) is considered as an alternative to this programme. The obtained recommended values are specific reference indicators and allow enterprises to choose unambiguous patterns of financial behavior and rationalize strategic decisions, taking into account the considered sectoral and territorial specifics.

Conclusion. According to the results of the conducted research, specific normative values of liquidity indexes are calculated in the text of this scientific article, which create benchmarks for enterprises of the considered branch and territorial affiliation when managing assets and liabilities.

The article investigates the issues of cyclical evolution of the country’s active population, using the example of the zemstvo statistics of the Perm region. The collected factual material allows us to draw a conclusion about the general patterns of creative activity of the population both at the beginning of the last century and in our years. The state program allows statistical services to analyze the economically active population with the greatest efficiency and make recommendations on the socio-economic development of the region. The scientific paper provides economically sound recommendations and suggestions for measures for the rational use of active population in the digital period of the country’s development.

Purpose and methodology of the research. This article aims to provide an overall picture of the evolution of the country’s active population, identify factors of change, general principles and offer recommendations for solving some problems of the population. The study was conducted using a systematic approach.

Results of research and discussion. The term “active population” was first used in the pre-revolutionary census of 1897. During this time, it has undergone multiple changes and the population itself has evolved. Free land for the enterprising active population has always been attractive. Their gaze, since the times of explorers, has always been directed to the “land-rich East”. By the end of the XIX century, the “center of gravity” of the population boldly stepped beyond the Urals and stopped near Novosibirsk. The driver of this flow was, in our opinion, the “active population”.

In statistical surveys the term “active population” means – all persons who have an independent source of livelihood, regardless of its type [4]. In the future, when conducting censuses, the active population was obtained by calculation. Almost always there was not exhaustive data for inclusion in the calculations of the active population, but it was impossible to ignore them. Even the very fact as the growth of employment of the population due to personal entrepreneurship was impressive. The Central Statistical Committee of tsarist times counted the active population according to its actual existence. Later, in the period of wars and revolutions, uncontrolled movement of refugees and prisoners and unpredictability of death and birth rates, any statistical surveys became dark and guessing.

With such quality of statistical material, it was impossible to fully vouch for the error-free nature of all subsequent constructions. However, the results based on the census are quite reliable reference points for the study of the evolution of the country’s active population. Though one has to spend a lot of wit and labor to create at least an approximate picture.

Purpose of research. The study aims to analyze the socio-economic differentiation among regions of the Russian Federation to identify the main factors contributing to regional inequality and determine priority areas for state policy to reduce interregional disparities. The research seeks to develop an innovative approach to analyzing and addressing the issue of socio-economic differentiation across regions, with the goal of ensuring more balanced development and improving the quality of life for the population.

Materials and methods. The study is based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service and includes a system of socio-economic indexes. The methodological framework incorporates principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis to classify regions according to their level of socio-economic development. Composite indexes were calculated using normalized values of initial indexes with weighting coefficients determined through principal component loadings. The study covers the period from 2016 to 2023 and includes 85 federal regions of the Russian Federation.

Research results. The results of calculations show during the study period there is still a significant socio-economic differentiation among Russian regions, which were divided into five groups: driver regions, stable regions, moderately balanced regions, unstable regions, and crisis regions. The most substantial gap was observed in gross regional product (GRP) per capita, where the difference between the highest and lowest values reached 65.8 times in 2023. Key challenges in lagging regions are low investment levels, high unemployment, and weak economic diversification. Partial improvements of the situation in some crisis regions is due to federal support programs, but the overall level of differentiation remains high.

Conclusion. The study confirms the persistent nature of socio- economic inequality among Russian regions. To reduce disparities, systemic measures are required, including effective governance, investment support, infrastructure development and social programs. The authors emphasize the importance of considering the unique characteristics of each region when formulating development strategies. Without such measures, regional disparities will continue to widen, posing risks to economic stability and social well-being nationwide.

Purpose of the study. The aim of this research is to investigate the current state of digitalization processes in the banking sector of the Republic of Azerbaijan, to identify the stages of development in this area, and to provide an objective evaluation of the achieved outcomes, potential opportunities, and emerging challenges associated with the implementation of digital banking. The study further involves an analysis of the effectiveness of digitalization policies in the national banking system on the basis of statistical data, regulatory legal acts, and state strategic documents.

Materials and methods. The article provides a chronological analysis of the stages of digitalization in Azerbaijan’s banking sector, beginning from the early 1990s. Based on statistical data from the Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Association of Banks of Azerbaijan, the study examines year-by-year changes in the level of digitalization, supported by specific indexes. A comparative assessment of the current state of digital transformation within the context of the South Caucasus region is also presented. Furthermore, the article thoroughly explores existing cybersecurity strategies, types of threats, and their potential impact on the financial system, serving as a significant indicator of the application of a risk-based approach.

Results. The process of digitalization in the banking sector of the Republic of Azerbaijan has evolved progressively since the 1990s and has ultimately led to the establishment of high-level digital banking services. Recent indexes confirm that the integration of mobile technologies, biometric identification systems, artificial intelligence algorithms, and fintech innovations has served as a significant catalyst for the transformation of this sector. According to statistical data for 2024, the majority of banking operations were conducted through electronic channels, while the volume of non-cash payments and electronic commerce transactions reached record levels. Strategic documents adopted by the state and regulatory initiatives undertaken by the Central Bank of Azerbaijan have been the principal driving forces behind this progress. Concurrently, the expansion of the digital environment has brought cybersecurity risks to the forefront, prompting the adoption of a new national cybersecurity concept for the period 2023–2026. Overall, digitalization has contributed to enhancing the quality, accessibility, and efficiency of banking services in the country, and has facilitated the sector’s transition toward a more innovative and customer-centric operational model. In the future, the key development directions of the banking sector wll be the improvement of digital credit products, the broad implementation of open banking technologies, the development of artificial intelligence-based services, and the issuance of a digital manat. Simultaneously, ensuring cybersecurity and improving the population’s level of digital literacy must remain among the primary priorities for the sustainable and secure implementation of this transformation.

Conclusion. The results of the conducted research reveal that the process of digitalization in Azerbaijan’s banking sector has been developing in a consistent and systematic manner in recent years. Government-level programs, along with regulatory legal frameworks and strategic initiatives implemented by the Central Bank of Azerbaijan, have played a significant supportive role in advancing this direction.