This article reveals the main directions of reforms carried out in the modern period in the field of statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In particular, the authors noted that at present in the statistical industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan a whole range of measures has already been carried out, which made it possible to achieve certain results in the republican and international ratings.

The article shows that a solid regulatory and legal framework has been created for the effective development of the statistical sphere of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The authors’ studies show that reforms in the field of statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan are carried out in such areas as improving the organizational and legal infrastructure, developing the statistical infrastructure, establishing optimal interaction between providers and users of statistical data, effectively developing the information and communication infrastructure, improving sectoral and regional statistics, improving the quality of training and comprehensive development of personnel, improving the country’s indicators in the Index of the statistical capacity of the World Bank countries.

The article tells that thanks to the openness and transparency of statistical data, users have free access to relevant statistical information, and these results are highly appreciated not only by domestic, but also by foreign users and, most importantly, by the international statistical community.

The authors note that recently a lot of work has been done to bring a number of indicators of macroeconomic and social statistics, methods of statistical assessment of the shadow economy, statistics of tourism, employment, environmental accounting, transport, public finance and other sectors in line with the requirements of international standards, a thorough preparation for censuses (population, agriculture, business), etc.

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to highlight the ongoing reforms in the field of statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as to determine the prospects for further development in the context of the formation of a digital economy for the effective functioning of the statistical sphere in the unified socio-economic system of the country.

Materials and methods. In the process of writing this article, factual materials of the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics, comparative, systemic analysis, methods of monographic research, as well as modern methods of working with computer networks and WEB-sites, specialized software products were used.

Results. This article presents the directions for improving the statistical sphere of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the modern period, developed the main approaches for the further development of the statistical sphere of the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in order to form an advanced statistical system of the country that fully meets the requirements of international standards.

Conclusion. This work shows that the transformation of the statistical sphere of the Republic of Uzbekistan is currently taking place on the basis of advanced world experience, regulatory documents and the formation of a digital economy in order to form an effectively functioning statistical sphere in a single complex space of industries and spheres of the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

This article describes the results of econometric research and optimization of the industry structure of the Russian economy. The results of modern domestic research on this topic show that the task of establishing theoretically justified quantitative criteria for optimizing the structural composition of multicomponent (discrete) social systems remains beyond due attention and not only should, but can be solved. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the optimal size, to establish a measure of a harmonious combination of the sectoral components of the domestic economy and, on their basis, to develop an actual orientation of the structural economic policy of the Russian state for the foreseeable future.

Materials and methods. The theoretical foundations of the study are developed on the basis of the authors’ preferences regarding the results of conceptual and applied developments of domestic scientists in the field of structural analysis of systems. The methodological basis of the research consists of works on the structural organization of systems, the concept of structural harmony of systems, the dialectic of harmony, the modular theory of society, and econometrics. The analysis of parameters (indicators) of the component composition of the domestic economy was carried out on the basis of statistical data of ROSSTAT for 2018. The assessment of the export-import potential of the domestic economy is based on statistical data on the cost of output of goods and services for 2014-2018. Econometric methods of processing the initial data and tabular methods of visualizing the results of the study were used. Standard Microsoft Office application software packages were used to solve the research tasks.

Results. The theoretical foundations, the procedure and algorithms for studying the structure of multicomponent (discrete) systems are presented. The criterion (maximizing the structural potential of the development of the system under study) is determined and a quantitative model for optimizing their structure is constructed. On the basis of the model, the optimal scales of the structural components (branches) of the domestic economy are determined. According to the statistics for 2018, reflecting the resource capacity (employment, fixed assets, number of organizations) and the results of activities (value added, investment activity), econometric calculations of the relative (in comparison with the entire economy) sizes of the Russian economy sectors were made. Comparison of actual and model (optimal) indicators of the magnitude of domestic industries as a way to detect non-optimality (the discrepancies) of its structure, shows the path of transition from its actual status to “the best” structure which describes a quantitative model of optimal combination of scale of its industries.

Conclusion. Based on the quantitative model of optimization of the industry structure, the unbalanced nature of the industry structure, the need for harmonization of the industry composition and, thus, the presence of structural reserves for economic growth of the Russian economy are shown. Optimization of the scale of industries is the formation of structural conditions for a more efficient functioning of the Russian economy; it can be recognized as a macroeconomic condition and a strategic reserve for the economic growth.

The purpose of the study is to determine the role and significance of measures for the management of financial resources of local budgets. The objectives of the study include: conducting a theoretical study of management issues and the formation of financial resources of local budgets, studying the financial reports of the regions of Kazakhstan, statistical processing of the data obtained.

Materials and methods. In the process of preparing the article, the issues of introducing the fourth level of the budget, on the participation of citizens in budget planning were considered. The authors analyzed the financial reports of the regions for the execution of the 2019 budget. In the process of preparing the materials for the article, the authors used the information of the website of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan, analytical statistical materials, and scientific works of scientists of Kazakhstan.

The following research methods were used in the work: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization), empirical (observation), statistical analysis, etc.

Results. The public financial management system, in particular, has been the subject of large-scale reforms in recent years aimed at strengthening the country’s strategic development potential. In recent years, the orientation of budget planning to results has noticeably improved. The priorities of the “model of socio-economic development of the country” are agreed by the government and put forward by the Ministry of National Economy, and are duly reflected in the annual strategic plan of each ministry. Based on recent reforms, the programs outlined in the strategic plans are broadly aligned with the budget programs of the ministries, and management responsibilities in each province have been clarified.

In recent years, important changes have occurred in relation to access to information, an online portal “Open Budgets” was developed, a civil budget was introduced, and centralized guidelines for their preparation were presented.

Since 2018, Kazakhstan has introduced a fourth budget level for local governments. 90% of these budgets are formed from taxes and payments by residents themselves. Since January 1, 2020, in the cities of regional significance, villages, settlements and rural districts of the Republic of Kazakhstan with a population of 2,000 people and below, an independent local government budget has been introduced. In 2020, the corporate income tax (CIT) from small and medium-sized businesses as a revenue item was transferred from the republican budget to the local one. Thus, CIT receipts will be credited to the republican budget only from large business entities. Also, the maslikhats (local representative body) of the regions have the right to establish the standard for the distribution of CIT from small and medium-sized businesses between the regional and district budgets.

Conclusion. Effective management of budgetary resources in accordance with the current budget policy should be guided by the implementation of the general goals facing the country’s budget system: impact on economic growth and employment, ensuring the economic and political functions of the state.

The main priority in planning government revenues and expenditures is the well-being of citizens of Kazakhstan, namely, their social support, health and education, as well as creating conditions for high-quality post-crisis economic growth. Therefore, it is especially important to note the role and importance of measures to manage financial resources of local budgets.

The purpose of the study. It is known that the further development of the Russian regions requires significant investment in all areas of activity. Therefore, the problem of assessing the existing indicators of investment activity, characteristic of each of the regions, is put forward as an urgent one. At the same time, given the wide variety of Russian regions, a comparative analysis of absolute investment volumes is not appropriate. In this regard, we suggest using a comparison of specific indicators for the analysis. The purpose of our study is to assess the levels of specific investment in capital asset per capita in all regions of our country.

Materials and methods. The study used the methodological approach proposed by the author, based on the consideration of specific indicators describing investment activity in the regions of Russia. The study included four stages. As initial information, we considered the official statistics provided on the ROSSTAT website, which characterize investments in the regions, as well as the number of their population in 2019. The study conducted a cluster analysis, as well as economic and mathematical modeling of the distribution of the considered indicators by the regions of the country.

Results. The cluster analysis allowed us to identify five clusters that unite the regions of Russia with similar values of specific investments per inhabitant of the corresponding region. The first cluster includes four regions, the second cluster - five regions, the third cluster - thirteen regions, the fourth cluster - twenty-six regions and the fifth cluster - thirty-four regions. The cluster analysis showed that in nine regions in 2019, there was a high level of investment, due to the tasks of their strategic development to solve federal problems. For 73 regions there were relatively low values of specific investment, the distribution of empirical data was modeled using the normal distribution function.

Conclusion. The scientific novelty of the study is related to the cluster analysis and the study of the distribution of specific investments by region. Regions with high and low values of specific investments in capital asset were identified. It is proved that the values of specific investments have a significant differentiation across the regions of the country. The results of our work have a certain theoretical and practical significance for the government, regional and local authorities. The methodological approach to assessing the level of investment presented in the article can be used in further research.

Purpose of the research. Human capital in the modern world is the primary factor in ensuring the progressive development of society. The most important component of human capital is the component of health, which affects the quality of labor resources and labor productivity in the region. The purpose of this research is to study the development trends of the health component of human capital, using the example of the socio-economic system of one of the regions of the Russian Federation – the Udmurt Republic, to study the structure and dynamics of the specified object of research.

Materials and methods. Statistical methods and techniques for studying the development of regional socio-economic processes as an information-supported element in making managerial decisions in strategic planning were used instrumental in this research. The information resource is based on official statistical data of institutions and departments of the Russian Federation and the data from periodicals, as well as using expert assessments in their information and analytical materials. The research base is the socio-economic processes of the last two decades in the Udmurt Republic. A numerical analysis of the structure and dynamics of the state of health of the population is carried out on the example of the Udmurt Republic, using primary modern data reflected in the system of state statistical accounting for the period 2000-2018.

Results. Calculations have shown that the quality of the health component of human capital in the Udmurt Republic has been declining in recent decades. The share of healthy people in the region in the working age group of the population 15-72 years old decreased from 59.8% in 2000 to 42.1% in 2018. At the same time, the proportion of people with chronic diseases increased: 33.2% in 2000 and 48.5% in 2018. In general, the share of people with disabilities in the total population of the age group 15-72 years old increased from 7.0% to 9.4%. The general level of health of the population is declining at an average annual rate of 0.4 percentage points. This situation is due to both the aging factor of the population and the general trend of deteriorating health of the population in middle ages.

Conclusion. The revealed and analyzed trends in the work of the structure and dynamics of the human capital health component of the population in socio-economic system indicate a decrease in the rate of positive influence of human capital on economic dynamics and the labor market. The analysis showed the emergence of the need to create additional conditions to reduce the level of general morbidity and disability. The results obtained indicate the need to increase the volume of funding for the health care system in order to expand the scale of involvement of the population in a healthy lifestyle, develop a preventive health care system, improve the availability and quality of medical care.

The method of discounted cash flows (DCF) is one of the main and popular methods of economic assessment of business, which is used all over the world. However, the actual behavior of business projects evaluated by this method often differs from that predicted, and the difference can be tens of times.

It should be noted that at present, the discounted cash flow method is a subject of extensive literature, but there are no analytical arguments for large discrepancies between the theory and practice of the method. The aim of the study is to provide a theoretical explanation of the forecasting errors inherent in the discounted cash flow method. The research method is related to the analysis of the traditional method of discounted cash flows, which shows that the key indicator that affects the final result is the net income for a certain period of time. Analyzing the economic content of the flows that appear in the formation of net income, we can conclude that for a trade-type enterprise, the cash flow of receipts associated with current operations is significantly random and, therefore, requires the use of stochastic description methods.

The paper offers a mathematical model of the mentioned cash flow. It is assumed that the event associated with a purchase (cash receipt) is modeled on the time axis by a point with a random time of occurrence. Then, obviously, the number of points n that appear on a fixed time interval will be a random number. A justification is given for the fact that the point process is a Poisson random point process or simply a Poisson point process, in which the times of occurrence of points W1 ,W2 , ..., Wi and their number N(t) at time t are random variables. We introduce the function λ(t), which characterizes the average number of cash receipts (purchases) per unit of time. From an economic point of view, it is driven by consumer preferences of buyers, and from a mathematic point of view it is a function of the intensity of appearance of points of the Poisson process. The monetary values of purchases made by customers are described by random positive ui values which arise at the Wi moments of the occurrence of shopping events, simulate a random process of cash receipts at the enterprise.

Introduction to the consideration of the random Poisson flow of business receipts and their values, which are also random positive values with an arbitrary probability distribution, is the key assumption of the work. The proposed approach allowed us to develop a stochastic model of the company’s revenues, generalize the method of discounted cash flows, obtain a number of simple ratios, and on this basis explain the growth of the method forecast error with an increase in the duration of the forecast horizon.

New results of the study are the use of stochastic methods to describe business revenues and expressions obtained on this basis for the variance and standard deviation of the company’s net cash flow, depending on the number of forecasting periods. It is shown that the growth of the standard deviation of the net cash flow, i.e. the forecasting errors, is a fundamental feature of the method in this interpretation. For the initial estimates, a simple expression is obtained and corresponding graphs are given.

In conclusion, it is noted that the presented graphs of the behavior of the standard deviation of the method estimates show that the estimate from below of the mentioned deviation slowly grows with an increase in the number of prediction periods and depends only on the number of periods. It is noted that this growth is calculated in relation to the first forecast period, which itself may contain errors, and it is determined only by consumer preferences. Of course, you can choose the forecast period not a month, but, for example, a year, but then the error of the first period will be significantly increased. Thus, this review makes it possible to explain some aspects of the growth of the error of the discounted cash flow method with the forecast time.