Purpose of the study. The article is devoted to the consideration of the most important tools of economic and statistical analysis - indexes of structural changes by Ryabtsev, Gatev and Salai.

   The relevance of such work is due to the significant value of using indexes of structural changes that allow making an interconnected analysis of the composition and structure of a phenomenon, taking into account its dynamics.

  The purpose of the study is to develop a scale for assessing the significance of structural changes for economic phenomena.

   Materials and methods. Foreign trade statistics were used as the database for the empirical study: exports and imports for the Russian Federation as a whole, exports and imports of food by participating countries, imports of certain types of food by countries. The development of a scale for assessing the indexes of structural changes included: firstly, a comparison of the assessment results using the Ryabtsev, Gatev and Salai indexes based on observation data; secondly, the construction of aligned values (trends) for ranked series according to the Ryabtsev, Gatev, Salai indexes; thirdly, comparison of the alignment results and construction of the required scale for assessing measures of the significance of structural changes. An exponential function was used for alignment.

   Research results. Based on the results of the study, evaluation scales for the Gatev and Salai indexes were proposed, preserving the verbal characteristics of the Ryabtsev index. The implementation of a methodology based on the alignment of ranked series of values of structural changes indexes made it possible not only to compare different indexes for the same structures of economic phenomena, but also to identify some patterns and features of the use of each of the studied indexes for assessing economic phenomena. With the same range of variation from 0 to 1, the Gatev index is slightly higher than the Ryabtsev index, and the Salai index occupies an intermediate position between the Ryabtsev and Gatev indexes. The author warns against erroneous values of the Salai index, found in some structures. To assess economic structures, which are usually very inertial, the author recommends using the Gatev index, in contrast to the very common Ryabtsev index. With the same components, the Gatev index takes on larger values, the scale “stretches”, and it is more convenient to mark the results of calculations on it.

   Conclusion. The use of indexes of structural changes by Ryabtsev, Gatev and Salai, supplemented by a developed scale for assessing the significance of these changes, not only complements the traditionally established procedures of economic analysis, but also deepens it, allows us to find changes in the composition and structure of the phenomenon, determine the direction and significance of these changes.

   Subject. Reduction of threats to economic security based on the construction of multifactorial statistical models that quantify the impact of factors on the level of economic crime, in particular, on the scale of material damage from economic crime.

   Purposes. Adaptation and application of statistical methodology for complex quantitative assessment of threats to economic security, multifactor modeling of patterns and trends of economic crime.

   Methods. Applied methods of multidimensional classification - cluster analysis, correlation and regression, trend models and forecasting.

   Results. Statistical modeling was carried out in the context of clusters formed during the study, reflecting the specification of their regions based on the application of statistical methodology for the typologization of the regions of the Russian Federation and the construction of multifactorial statistical models that quantitatively describe the impact of factors on the level of economic crime (the scale of material damage from economic crime).

   Conclusions. The results of the conducted research can be used in information and analytical work and activities of departments of internal affairs bodies, public administration bodies to develop directions for reducing economic security risks from criminalization factors. The obtained substantiation of the significance of the factors provides the basis for their inclusion in the dynamic regression model, according to which it is advisable to create short-term forecasts of the crime level of an economic orientation.

   Purpose of the study. The imposition of sanctions on the financial sector and suspending relations with international financial institutions in 2022 has significantly affected the external conditions for the development of the domestic financial sector, caused an increase in geopolitical tensions and instability in the Russian currency market. It is necessary to study and understand the processes currently taking place in the financial market. The article is devoted to the statistical assessment of the impact of sanctions on the Russian financial system in 2022 and 2023.

   The purpose of research paper is to identify the situation on the currency, money and credit, debt market, as well as in the budgetary sphere, to assess the relationship between the dynamics of key financial indexes in the sanctions crisis.

   Materials and methods. The sources of information for the calculations were official data from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the Bank of Russia, the provider of data on financial markets Cbonds and PJSC “Moscow Exchange”. The article used statistical methods of analysis: variations, dynamics, hypothesis testing. Determination of anomalous levels of the time series was carried out using the Irwin method. Differences in average federal budget indexes were assessed using the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test. The dependence of the dynamics of the main financial indexes was assessed on the basis of time series correlation.

   Results. The study allowed us to conclude that 2022 was a critical year for the Russian financial system. All its sectors were affected by sanctions restrictions. The weakening of the national currency was revealed in the currency market, and it was found that the dollar exchange rate in 2023 was abnormally high for the period from 2000 to 2023. The budget sector has
demonstrated stability. The results of the study showed that the sanctions pressure did not affect the revenue part of the federal budget. However, the average monthly expenditure of the federal budget increased statistically significantly by almost three times in 2022. The monetary market reacted with an excessive supply of money. The increase in the money supply has reached its highest value in the last 10 years. The money supply growth was accompanied by changes in its structure. The banking sector showed the development of the credit growth trend. The debt market reacted with a rapid growth of corporate bonds volume, the highest for the last 10 years. And the market of federal loan bonds was characterized by a rapid reduction in the volume of federal loan bonds owned by non-residents and a decrease in the share of non-residents. The interrelation between the dynamics of the US dollar exchange rate and the volume of corporate lending associated with the conversion of loans in US dollars and euros into yuan was revealed. Direct interrelation was observed in the dynamics of money supply and the volume of corporate bonds and federal loan bonds market.

   Conclusion. The financial system is adapting to new circumstances. The transformation of methods and tools of financial regulation accompany this process. This process requires studying and understanding changes in the composition, dynamics, and interconnection of the structural elements of the financial system, as well as finding ways for its development.

   Purpose of the study. The aim of the study is to analyze the dynamics of employment in major cities of the Russian Federation, including megacities, in the context of rapid innovative development, complex demographic situation, and instability of external migration flows.

   The research focuses on identifying factors at various levels that affect employment, with an emphasis on the interconnections of cities and regions in the hierarchical “city-region” system.

   Materials and methods. The paper explores the shift-share method (SSM), which allows decomposing changes in employment with highlighting the influence of the overall dynamics of the regional labor market, industry characteristics, and competitive factors of cities. A multilevel analysis using this method aims to assess the structural-dynamic links of the hierarchically interconnected “city-region” system. The research uses municipal statistics data from 81 cities of the Russian Federation for the period from 2017 to 2021. Based on the concept of sectoral division of the economy, taking into account the functional features of the included industries, the structural-dynamic employment indexes in cities were analyzed across four economic sectors.

   Results. The application of the SSM method yielded results that allow for a detailed examination of employment dynamics in major cities. The analysis includes the influence of the overall dynamics of the regional labor market, industry characteristics, and competitive factors of cities. The research validates the effectiveness of the shift-share method for the preliminary analysis of employment dynamics in cities with the aim of specifying the significance of the impact on it by industrial and sectoral factors at regional and local levels and their prioritization for further analysis and the development of recommendations for urban economic management.

   Conclusion. The study highlights the importance of analyzing employment in the context of the urban economy, especially under conditions of rapid innovative development and demographic challenges. The SSM method appears to be an effective tool for preliminary examination of employment dynamics, identifying key factors, and developing management strategies aimed at improving the economic development of Russia’s major cities.

   The purpose of the study. The purpose of the article is to develop and test a methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of regional investment policy in the context of intensification of scientific and technological development of the country and regions and the achievement of technological sovereignty of the national economy.

   Materials and methods. The study uses analytical and statistical information data for the period of time 2017-2021, concerning investments and costs for scientific, technological and innovative development of the economy, as well as the data on some economic indexes, which also act as indicators of the effectiveness of regional investment policy. The paper has been prepared using the following methods of scientific research: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, contrast, comparison, generalization.

   Results. A theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the research problem was carried out, on the basis of which the author’s methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of regional investment policy in terms of ensuring the technological sovereignty of the economy was developed and tested. A structural and dynamic analysis of the results of the implementation of regional investment policy was carried out, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn about the trends of investment activity in regional systems. Based on the obtained values, summary indexes of the effectiveness of regional investment policy are calculated, as a result of which the level of its effectiveness is identified according to the analyzed
methodological blocks.

   Conclusion. The results obtained indicate dynamic changes and the level of effectiveness of regional investment policy aimed at achieving technological sovereignty of the economy and its innovative development. The practical significance of the conducted research lies in the proven methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of regional investment policy. Executive authorities and local governments in the formation and implementation of regional investment policy can apply the results of the study in order to achieve technological independence of the region’s economy.

   The article focuses on the possibilities of game analysis of options for providing material support to the population, implemented in the form of a game with nature – a generalized player, whose inclusion in the game analysis allows us to consider the diverse interaction of economic agents with the socio-economic environment. This set of methods has a number of advantages among the complex of mathematical methods in economics and management in conditions when regression models become irrelevant due to increasing uncertainty or lack of sufficient initial data.

   The purpose of the study is to overcome the insufficient use of the potential of game models in the practice of modeling social situations, taking into account the real information conditions that have developed to date.

   The research methods are the methods of game theory (construction of a set of active strategies for providing material support to the population; identification of possible variants of states of nature reflecting the possibilities of the number of people who really need material support; determination of the optimal strategy for providing material support, taking into account the selected optimality criterion).

   Their use contributes to improving the quality of decisions made in the field of providing material assistance to the population. Among the results of the study, we will indicate the implementation of all the necessary stages of the game analysis of strategies for providing material support to the population. The proposed mechanism for assessing the usefulness of funds, used for material support of the population, takes into account various contributions to the assessment of the final utility of the distribution of funds, arising both in cases of receiving funds by those in need and in cases of non-receipt of funds by those in need, as well as in cases of receiving funds by citizens who do not really need financial assistance. The authors have made calculations and assessed the consequences of strategies, the implementation of which involves reducing the number of citizens who receive financial assistance (with simultaneous dynamics of the amount of financial assistance). The game analysis of strategies for providing material support to the population became possible due to the construction of a game model of a basic level of complexity that takes into account the main scenarios of the development of the social situation under consideration. In the process of studying the constructed game model, a high degree of sensitivity of strategies for providing material assistance to the population to the choice of the optimality criterion, as well as its parameter, was established. This feature requires clarification of the information situation in which the strategy of providing financial assistance is chosen. In conclusion, we note that the material of the article may be useful for consideration with subsequent pilot testing at various levels of state and municipal administration, when developing and adopting legislative initiatives on social support measures aimed at strengthening the targeting of financial assistance to the population. Also, the material and tools of this study can serve in the course of improving existing and developing new academic disciplines, the content of which is related to the quantitative analysis of socio-economic problems and situations.