About differentiation of regions of the Russian Federation on the level of investment attractiveness

The purpose of the article is consider in research of statistical methodology for studying regions of the Russian Federation in terms of investment attractiveness. The world practice shows that investment growth ensure the economy growth both at national level and regional level. The maxim is proved by the experience of most countries which have committed in the past decade a sharp spurt in its economic development. This realization has led to the fact that both developed and emerging economies try to attract investment in the economy on a national and regional scale and it is considered as one of the priorities of economic policy In the context of geopolitical instability, deteriorating economic conditions, the weakening of the Russian Federation in the global market need to pay more attention to the investment policy and the attractiveness of the regions. Investment activity and attractiveness of territories today – a reserve of development and real way to achieve strategic objectives. An important factor in the development of regions is their investment  attractiveness. Meanwhile, at present there is no method of statistical research of investment attractiveness adapted to regional features. Regions of the Russian Federation have significant differences in investment attractiveness by various factors. The article analyzes factors which influence the inflow of investments in the regions of Russia and identifies groups of regions with similar characteristics of investment attractiveness. Materials and methods. The methods of evaluation of investment attractiveness of territories (regions and cities) are discussed. The reasons for the investment is proposed to be assessed by the production potential of the regional economy, the domestic market of the region, sectoral types of economy (agriculture, extraction of natural resources), and the infrastructure of the region. The methodological basis of the study consists of works on regional statistics, mathematical modeling, and econometrics. Graphic and tabular methods of visualization of research results, statistical methods of analysis of economic phenomena were used. To solve the tasks of the study, application packages SPSS, Statistica were used. Results. This paper provides an analysis of Russia’s investment attractiveness and demonstrates current investment situation in the country. In conclusion, this report addresses key challenges of attracting investment in Russia, clarified the essence of investment attractiveness as an object of statistical research; revealed features of the regions; recommendations on the formation of a system of statistical indicators characterizing the investment attractiveness of the region; identified groups of regions with similar characteristics of investment attractiveness. Conclusion. The article discusses differentiation of Russian regions in their investment activity, analyses the factors led to this differentiation. The heterogeneity of investment space in Russia is one of the features of its economy. High investment attractiveness is a key factor in improving the competitiveness of the country, a significant and sustained financial growth. Identification of regions with similar characteristics of investment attractiveness allows us to develop management solutions adapted to regional characteristics.

1. Androsov V.V., ZHdanov V.P. Investitsionnyye mekhanizmy regional’nogo razvitiya = Investment mechanisms for regional development. Kaliningrad: BIEF; 2001. (In Russ.)

2. Asaul A. N., Posyada N. I. Investitsionnaya privlekatel’nost’ regiona = Investment attractiveness of the region. Saint Petersburg: SPSUACE; 2008. (In Russ.)

3. Bystrov O.F., Pozdnyakov V.YA., Prudnikov V.M. et al. Upravleniye investitsionnoy deyatel’nost’yu v regionakh Rossiyskoy Federatsii: monografiya = Investment management in the regions of the Russian Federation: a monograph. Moscow: INFRA-M; 2008. 358 p. (In Russ.)

4. Domnina I.N., Mayevskaya L.I. Regional investment policy and problems of renewal of fixed capital. Ekonomika: vchera, segodnya, zavtra = Economy: yesterday, today, tomorrow. 2013; 1−2: 46−69. (In Russ.)

5. Investitsii v Rossii. 2017 = Investments in Russia. 2017. Moscow: Rosstat; 2017. 188 p. (In Russ.)

6. Kondratov D.I. Russian capital in the system of global investment flows: new trends and opportunities. Voprosy statistiki = Questions of statistics. 2014; 3: 49–74. (In Russ.)

7. Lapo V.F. Evaluation of the impact of regional regulatory methods on investment activity. Voprosy statistiki = Questions of statistics. 2018; 25(9): 48–62. (In Russ.)

8. Matrayeva L.V. Metodologiya statisticheskogo issledovaniya pryamykh inostrannykh investitsiy v regiony Rossiyskoy Federatsii = Methodology of a statistical study of foreign direct investment in the regions of the Russian Federation. Moscow: MESI; 2014. 52 p. (In Russ.)

9. Nasledov A.D. SPSS Statistics 20 i AMOS. Professional’nyy statisticheskiy analiz dannykh = SPSS Statistics 20 and AMOS. Professional statistical data analysis. Saint Petersburg: Peter; 2013. 416 p. (In Russ.)

10. Oganyan M.A. Management of investment climate based on the determination of heterogeneity of regions. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiye vedomosti Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Ekonomicheskiye nauki = Scientific and technical statements of the St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University. Economics. 2009; 4 (81): 173–177. (In Russ.)

11. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Federal’noy sluzhby gosudarstvennoy statistiki = Official site of the Federal State Statistics Service. [Internet]. URL: www.gks. ru. (In Russ.)

12. Pertsukhov V.I. Investment climate of territorial entities: the main provisions of the study of socio-economic and investment processes at the territorial level of management. Intellekt. Innovatsii. Investitsii = Intellect. Innovation. Investments. 2010; 4: 61–65. (In Russ.)

13. Podshivalenko G.P. Investment climate and investment attractiveness. Finansovaya analitika: problemy i resheniya = Financial analytics: problems and solutions. 2010; 15: 7–10. (In Russ.)

14. Sadovnikova N.A. Statistical evaluation of the investment attractiveness of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Ekonomika, statistika i informatika. Vestnik UMO = Economy, statistics and computer science. Bulletin of UMO. 2011; 2: 211– 215. (In Russ.)

15. Sakova O.I., Sadovnikova N.A. Features of the organization of statistical monitoring of investments in fixed capital and the factors that determine them. Ekonomika, statistika i informatika. Vestnik UMO = Economy, statistics and computer science. Bulletin of UMO. 2010; 6: 201. (In Russ.)

16. Samogorodskaya M.I. Formation of the management mechanism of the regional investment strategy. Region: sistemy, ekonomika, upravleniye = Region: systems, economics, management. 2009; 3: 166−173. (In Russ.)

17. Semenova F.Z. Investment climate and the potential to enhance the investment activity of the region. Audit i finansovyy analiz = Audit and financial analysis. 2009; 1: 221–225. (In Russ.)

18. Skuf’ina T.P., Baranov S.V., Korchak E.A. Assessment of the impact of investment dynamics on the growth of gross regional product in the regions of the north and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Voprosy statistiki = Questions of Statistics. 2018; 25; 6: 25–35. (In Russ.)

19. Teplova T.V. Investitsii = Investments. Moscow: YUrayt; 2018. 724 p. (In Russ.)

20. Tokmakova R.A., Stas M.F. Regulation of investment processes as an effective condition for the implementation of regional innovation policy. Fundamental’nyye issledovaniya = Basic research. 2015; 2–6: 1275−1279. (In Russ.)

21. KHarseyeva A.V. The concept and essence of investment: the problem of the definition of the term. Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya = Theory and practice of social development. 2010; 1: 318. (In Russ.)

22. SHarp U., Aleksander G., Beyli Dzh. Investitsii: per. s angl = Investments: trans. from English. Moscow: INFRA-M; 2001. 1027 p. (In Russ.)

23. SHastitko E., YAkovleva M. Investment climate and image of Russia. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya = World economy and international relations. 2006; 3: 88–89. (In Russ.)

24. YAsin E., Kosygina A. The economic situation and the investment climate in Russia. Problemy teorii i praktiki upravleniya = Problems of management theory and practice. 2001; 4: 74–79. (In Russ.)

25. YAshin A.V. Opportunities to manage the investment climate in the regions of the Russian Federation. Transportnoye delo Rossii = Transport Business of Russia. 2009; 3: 84–87. (In Russ.)