Monetary revenues as a major indicator of the living standards of the population of Russia

Purpose of research.  The relevance of the research topic is associated with  the presence of a number  of controversial issues arising in the statistical study of monetary incomes of the population of the country and regions. These issues include: comparability  of monetary income in dynamics,  assessment  of differentiation  of population  by income and  consumption,  comprehensive  assessment  of regional differences in the income  level.  The  aim of this work  is to study  the monetary income  of the population  of the Russian  Federation  as a universal characteristic  of the living standard.

Materials and methods.  The  information  base of the study was the official  statistical  materials  of the  Federal  State  Statistics  Service, including  the  materials  published  by ROSSTAT in the  “Statistical review” in early 2019. Along with traditional statistical methods,  the study  also used  the  method  of assessing structural  differences,  the method  of index  analysis  of the differentiation  of the population  by monetary  income at both the Federal and regional levels. Structural shifts  in  consumer  spending  between  groups with  different  income levels were identified.

Results.  In  Russia,  from 2014  to 2017,  the annual  decline  in real disposable income ranged from one to 3%,  with  an average annual growth rate of nominal income of 5%. In 2010–2018, more than 47% of income was concentrated  in 20% of the population of the Russian Federation with the highest incomes. The 20% of the population with the lowest income accounted  for less than 5.4%  of the total. Inequality  in the distribution of monetary income leads to the formation of consumer structures that differ in social groups with different levels of income.  In  the  study,  an  integral  coefficient  of structural shifts of Gatev was used to estimate these differences.  As a result of its calculation,  significant structural  differences  between  the groups of the population of Russia with the highest and lowest incomes were established.

A study was conducted on the level of monetary income of the population  of 14  regions of the  Volga  Federal  District  in  2018. For all  regions of the  Federal  District,  three  local  indices  were calculated on three indicators: average per capita monetary income of the population,  the average monthly  nominal  accrued wages of employees  of organizations  and  the  share of the  population  with incomes  below  the  subsistence  minimum. Their  arithmetic  mean value representing the index of monetary incomes of the population was  determined.

Conclusion.  The  results of the calculations  allowed  identifying  three groups of entities  in the  district,  which  differ significantly  in terms of cash  income  of the  population.  The  problems  of differentiation of monetary  income  in the Volga Federal  District,  identified  in the study,  are typical for many  regions of Russia.  In  order to solve the problems,  concerted  actions  of  the  regional  government  and  the state,  aimed  at  improving  the  living  standard  of the  population  of the country are necessary.

1. Sevryukova S.V., Korosteleva O.N. Formation of monetary incomes of the population as a socio-economic aspect of regulating the standard of living. Kontsept = Concept. 2017; 11: 151-155. (In Russ.)

2. Grishina E.N., Trusova L.N. Statistical assessment of the dynamics of cash incomes and expenditures of the population of the Kirov region. Science Time. 2016; 2(26): 156-159. (In Russ.)

3. Martynov A.P., Bogoslavskaya S.S. The level and quality of life of the population in the regions of the Volga Federal District: the current state and dynamics of development. Voprosy statistiki = Statistics issues. 2018; 25(1): 25-33. (In Russ.)

4. Lapteva E.V. Statistical analysis and forecasting of the income level of the population in the Russian Federation. Intellekt, Innovatsii, Investitsii. = Intellect, Innovations, Investments. 2016; 12: 64-69. (In Russ.)

5. Diton A., Zaidi S. Principles for constructing aggregated consumption indicators for the purpose of welfare analysis [Internet]. URL: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPA/Resources/429966–1092778639630/DeatonZaidi-Russian.pdf. (In Russ.)

6. Grishina E.N., Trusova L.N. Statistical assessment of income differentiation of the population of the Volga Federal District. Wirtschaftund Management: Theorie und Praxis: Sammelwerk der wissenschaftlichen Artikel; 2 - Verlag SWG imex GmbH, Nürnberg, Deutschland; 2014. 380 p: 20 – 23. (In Russ.)

7. Statistika: uchebnik. Ed. I.I. Eliseyevoy. = Statistics: a textbook. Ed. I.I. Eliseeva. Moscow: Prospect; 2013. 448 p. (In Russ.)

8. Leyman T. Asimmetriya dokhodov naseleniya kak forma neravenstva v ekonomike Rossii. = Asymmetry of population income as a form of inequality in the Russian economy. Moscow: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing; 2017. 320 p. (In Russ.)

9. Glushchenko K.P. Ob otsenke mezhregional’nogo neravenstva = The evaluation of inter-regional inequality. Prostranstvennaya ekonomika = Spatial Economics. 2015; 4: 39-58. (In Russ.)

10. Nikonets O.E., Sevryukova S.V. Socio-economic situation of the Russian population in terms of income: an assessment of the development of the middle class. Vestnik NGIEI = NGIEI Bulletin. 2018; 1 (92): 117-129. (In Russ.)

11. Zubarevich N.V., Makarentseva A.O., Mkrtchyan N.V. Socio-demographic indicators: regional dimension. Ekonomicheskoye razvitiye Rossii = Economic development of Russia. 2017; 3: 90-100. (In Russ.)

12. Avraamova E.M., Grishina E.E., Maleva T.M., Polyakova A.G. Socio-economic situation of the population: analysis of current trends (according to the results of regular monitoring of INSAP RANEPA). Ekonomicheskoye razvitiye Rossii = Economic development of Russia. 2017; 2: 46-57. (In Russ.)

13. Avraamova E.M., Burdyak A.Ya., Lyashok V.Yu. Social trends and the economic situation of the Russian population (according to the results of regular monitoring of INSAP RANEPA). Ekonomicheskoye razvitiye Rossii = Economic development of Russia. 2017; 3: 82-89. (In Russ.)

14. Tikunov V.S., Chereshnya O. Yu. Social Development Index of the Regions of the Russian Federation. Izvestiya RAN. Seriya Geografiya. = News of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Geography series. 2016; 1: 19–24. (In Russ.)

15. Tikunov V.S., Chereshnya O. Yu. Index of Economic Development of Regions of the Russian Federation. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5 Geografiya. = Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 5 Geography. 2015; 6: 41–47. (In Russ.)

16. Rossiyskiy statisticheskiy ezhegodnik. 2018: Stat. sb. = Russian statistical yearbook. 2018: Stat. Col. Moscow: Rosstat; 2018. 694 p. (In Russ.)

17. Statistical Review. 2019; 1(102) [Internet]. URL: http//www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b19_06/Main.htm (In Russ.)

18. Federal State Statistics Service [Internet]. URL: www.gks.ru. (In Russ.)

19. Rossiya v tsifrah = Russia in numbers. 2018. P. stat. col. Moscow: Rosstat; 2018. 592 p. (In Russ.)

20. Regiony Rossii. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskiye pokazateli. = Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2018: Stat. col. Moscow: Rosstat; 2018.1162 p. (In Russ.)