Competition for labor resources: losses of the Amur region

The purpose of the article is to define labor losses of the Amur region because of the competition of regions. Each region, directly or indirectly, seeks to attract and keep in its territory highly skilled labor force. Shortage of labor force slows down development of the economy of the region. Thus, because of the depopulation, the demand for the produced and consumed goods and services in the region is decreasing. The decrease in demand influences tax reduction and non-tax revenues in budgets of various levels, reduction of employment of labor resources, increase in unemployment, increase in cost of products and rendered services, reduction of the gross regional product, growth of social tension in the society.

Under conditions of the competition between regions for labor resources, other things being equal, the outflow of labor resources occurs from regions with a rather low level of compensation to regions with a rather high level of the salary. At the same time, the population leaves, as a rule, the provincial and less developed regions and concentrates in the largest metropolitan areas. In the competition for labor resources some regions win and get essential advantages in social and economic development, others sustain considerable losses. Statistical methods of analyzing social and economic phenomena and processes were used as tools for carrying out the research: indexes of dynamics, structure, and tabular and graphic methods of visualization of quantitative data.

As a result of the conducted statistical research, it was found out that the population of the Amur region decreases annually, at the same time the decline in the population of the region is long-term and steady in nature. Over 25 years the Amur region lost population amounting to the population of the whole city. The present work shows that the tendency of demographic aging of the population characteristic of many regions of the country is observed in the Amur region. Decrease in the population of the region is caused by natural losses by 17% and population shift from the region by 83%. Differences in the standard of living in regions prevail among the reasons of population shift, which is one of the major factors, inducing the population to change its residence. Generally, residents of the Amur region go to the Far East, Central, Siberian and Southern federal districts. Among the regions of the Far East, preference is given to the Khabarovsk Region and Primorsky Krai. Not in large amounts, but the population of Priamurye actively goes to the main residence to foreign countries, as well, most often to the neighboring China.

Fears of people, connected with the construction of Vostochny spaceport, are an important factor of the population outflow out of borders of the region. The information about using a toxic type of fuel – heptyl – on rockets launch became the next reason of citizens’ departure of borders of the region.

Regions compete among themselves for attracting labor resources to separate sectors of economy. At the same time, interest is attracted first by those types of economic activity that provide the greatest contribution to production of the gross regional product. Economic growth of the region depends on existence of sufficient amount of labor force in its territory, and on opportunities of their attraction and fixing. At the same time, the quality of labor force is important, that is the most essential factor of making decisions on creating new productions in the region, directly raising the questions of competitiveness of the territory.

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