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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">umovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Статистика и Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Statistics and Economics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-3925</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2500-3925-2026-4-57-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">umovest-2010</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТИСТИКА ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDUCATION STATISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Построение матрицы корреспонденции «Специализация – отрасли занятости» на основе микроданных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Construction of the “Specialization – Employment Sector” Correspondence Matrix Based on Microdata</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-0086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касаткина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasatkina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Васильевна Касаткина, К.ф.-м.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник Общеакадемического факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Kasatkina, Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), AssociateProfessor, Leading Researcher of the General Academic FacultyMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kasatkina_ev@vk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-4402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вавилова</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vavilova</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дайана Дамировна Вавилова, К.т.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник Общеакадемического факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daiana D. Vavilova, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor,Leading Researcher of the General Academic Faculty</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daiana1604@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1179-3910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файзуллин</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Faizullin</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ринат Василович Файзуллин, К.э.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник Общеакадемического факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rinat V. Faizullin, Cand. Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor, LeadingResearcher of the General Academic Faculty</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fayzullin-rv@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы&#13;
при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Касаткина Е.В., Вавилова Д.Д., Файзуллин Р.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Касаткина Е.В., Вавилова Д.Д., Файзуллин Р.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasatkina E.V., Vavilova D.D., Faizullin R.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/2010">https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/2010</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Разработать воспроизводимую методику построения матрицы корреспонденции между укрупненными группами специальностей высшего образования и отраслями занятости для использования в задачах прогнозирования кадровых потребностей экономики России. Инструмент призван восполнить методологический пробел в анализе структурных дисбалансов между системой образования и рынком труда, обеспечивая количественную оценку распределения выпускников по отраслям в зависимости от полученной специализации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование выполнено на основе микроданных Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения (2004–2024 гг.), включающих 52 916 наблюдений за респондентами с высшим образованием. Предложена процедура консолидации профессий по диплому (классификатор ISCO-2008) в десять укрупненных групп специальностей согласно российской номенклатуре и агрегации тридцати исходных категорий отраслей работы в шестнадцать содержательных групп. Построена матрица распределения выпускников по отраслям, рассчитаны показатели концентрации (индекс Херфиндаля) и профильной занятости. Методика апробирована на когортном анализе пяти периодов получения диплома (2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, 2015–2019, 2020–2024 гг.).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сформирована воспроизводимая матрица корреспонденции «специализация – отрасль занятости», позволяющая трансформировать прогнозы численности выпускников по направлениям подготовки для оценки отраслевой структуры новых кадров с высшим образованием. Выявлены устойчивые связи: выпускники медицинских направлений преимущественно заняты в здравоохранении (72% в среднем за период), инженерно-технические кадры – в промышленности (31%), педагоги – в образовании (60%). Обнаружены разнонаправленные тренды: усиление концентрации инженеров в промышленности (с 28% до 44%), восстановление профильной занятости ИТ-специалистов (с 6% до 25%), снижение доли медиков в здравоохранении (с 68% до 60%), высокая волатильность занятости педагогов. Для широкопрофильных направлений (науки об обществе, гуманитарные науки) зафиксировано снижение диверсификации и формирование ядер занятости в торговле, государственном управлении и образовании. Значения индекса Херфиндаля варьируются от 0,12 (математические науки) до 0,53 (здравоохранение), подтверждая разную степень отраслевой привязки специальностей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложенный инструмент может быть интегрирован в системы прогнозирования кадровых потребностей, в том числе для корректировки контрольных цифр приема в вузы и разработки профориентационных программ. Матрица служит связующим звеном между прогнозами выпуска специалистов и оценкой их распределения по отраслям экономики. Наряду с сохранением традиционных связей между подготовкой и занятостью происходит растущая диверсификация трудовых траекторий выпускников, что требует пересмотра подходов к планированию образовательных программ и механизмов взаимодействия системы образования и рынка труда. Ограничения исследования включают возможную субъективность при отнесении кодов ISCO-2008 к УГСН и смешение когортных, возрастных и периодных эффектов. Дальнейшие исследования могут быть направлены на анализ влияния развития и внедрения искусственного интеллекта на трудовые траектории.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The purpose of the study</title><p>The purpose of the study. To develop a reproducible methodology for constructing a correspondence matrix between broad groups of higher education specializations and employment sectors for use in forecasting labor demand in the Russian economy. The tool is designed to fill a methodological gap in analyzing structural imbalances between the education system and the labor market by providing a quantitative assessment of graduate distribution across industries based on their field of study.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study is based on microdata from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – Higher School of Economics (2004 – 2024), comprising 52,916 observations of respondents with higher education. A procedure is proposed for consolidating diploma occupations (ISCO-2008 classifier) into ten broad specialization groups according to the Russian nomenclature and aggregating thirty original industry categories into sixteen meaningful groups. A matrix of graduate distribution across sectors is constructed, concentration indexes (Herfindahl index) and profile employment have been calculated. The methodology is tested using cohort analysis across five periods for obtaining a diploma (2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, 2015–2019, 2020–2024).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A reproducible correspondence matrix “specialization – employment sector” is formed, enabling the transformation of graduate supply forecasts by field of study into estimates of the sectoral structure of new highly educated personnel. Persistent linkages are identified: medical graduates predominantly work in healthcare (72% on average), engineering graduates - in industry (31%), and teaching staff – in the education sector (60%). Contrasting trends are observed: increasing concentration of engineers in industry (from 28% to 44%), a restoration of the profile employment of IT specialists (from 6% to 25%), declining share of medical professionals in healthcare (from 68% to 60%), and high volatility in teacher employment. For broad-field specializations (social sciences, humanities), reduced diversification and the formation of employment clusters in trade, public administration, and education are documented. Herfindahl index values range from 0.12 (mathematical sciences) to 0.53 (healthcare), confirming varying degrees of sectoral attachment across specializations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The proposed tool can be integrated into labor demand forecasting systems, including for adjusting university admission targets and developing career guidance programs. The matrix serves as a bridge between graduate supply forecasts and estimates of their sectoral distribution. Alongside persistent traditional links between training and employment, graduate career paths are increasingly diversifying, calling for a reassessment of curriculum planning and mechanisms linking education to the labor market. Study limitations include potential subjectivity in mapping ISCO-2008 codes to Russian specialization groups and the confounding of cohort, age, and period effects. Future research may focus on analyzing the impact of artificial intelligence development and deployment on labor trajectories.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>образование</kwd><kwd>занятость</kwd><kwd>матрица корреспонденции</kwd><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>отрасли экономики</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ в рамках государственного задания.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кетова К.В., Русяк И.Г., Вавилова Д.Д. Математическое моделирование и нейросетевое прогнозирование структуры и динамики человеческого капитала Российской Федерации // Вестник Томского государственного университета. Управление, вычислительная техника и информатика. 2020. № 53. С. 13–24. 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