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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">umovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Статистика и Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Statistics and Economics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-3925</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/6/2500-3925-2026-3-45-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">umovest-1975</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ОПЫТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATIONAL EXPERIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эмпирические доказательства эффекта j-кривой и условие Маршалла-Лернера на примере Азербайджана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Empirical Evidence of J-Curve Effect and Marshall Lerner Condition: Case of Azerbaijan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ализаев</surname><given-names>Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alirzayev</surname><given-names>Elvin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Элвин Ализаев, К.н., заведующий кафедрой таможенного дела и менеджмента</p><p>Баку</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elvin Alirzayev, Cand. Sci., Head of department of Customs and Management </p><p>Baku</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elvin.alirzayev@ascca.edu.az</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хусейнова</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Huseynova</surname><given-names>Sara</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сара Гусейнова, К.н., преподаватель экономического факультета</p><p>Баку</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sara Huseynova, Cand. Sci., Lecturer at the Faculty of Economics</p><p>Baku</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sarahuseynova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Академия Государственного таможенного Комитета Азербайджанской Республики</institution><country>Азербайджан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academy of State Customs Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan</institution><country>Azerbaijan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Бакинский государственный университет</institution><country>Азербайджан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baku State University</institution><country>Azerbaijan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ализаев Э., Хусейнова С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ализаев Э., Хусейнова С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alirzayev E., Huseynova S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1975">https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1975</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Целью данного исследования является анализ применимости эффекта J-кривой и условие Маршалла–Лернера в экономике Азербайджана, а также оценка влияния изменений обменного курса на торговый баланс. Исследование направлено на выявление чувствительности экспорта и импорта к обесценению национальной валюты и определение того, способствует ли девальвация улучшению торгового баланса как в экономике в целом, так и в нефтяном секторе.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование основано на годовых данных за период 1997–2024 гг. и квартальных данных по нефтяному сектору за 2005–2024 гг. В качестве официальных статистических источников использованы данные Государственного комитета статистики и Центрального банка Азербайджана. В работе применены количественные и эконометрические методы, включая множественный регрессионный анализ, тестирование стационарности с использованием теста Дики–Фуллера, векторное авторегрессионное моделирование, векторная модель коррекции ошибок, анализ коинтеграции, функции импульсного отклика и тестирование причинности. Оценка параметров проводилась методом наименьших квадратов. Данный методологический подход позволяет анализировать как краткосрочную динамику, так и долгосрочные равновесные взаимосвязи между макроэкономическими переменными.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Эмпирические результаты показывают, что условие Маршалла–Лернера не выполняется для экономики Азербайджана в целом, поскольку сумма эластичностей спроса на экспорт и импорт остаётся ниже единицы. В результате девальвация национальной валюты не приводит к улучшению торгового баланса, и классический эффект J-кривой на агрегированном уровне не наблюдается. Однако в нефтяном секторе выявлена иная картина. Обнаружена устойчивая долгосрочная взаимосвязь между экспортом нефти, валовым внутренним продуктом нефтяного сектора, ценами на нефть и обменным курсом. Анализ подтверждает наличие коинтеграции и двусторонней причинно-следственной связи между этими переменными. В данном секторе условие Маршалла–Лернера выполняется, а эффект J-кривой частично проявляется во времени, что свидетельствует о положительном влиянии девальвации на улучшение торгового баланса в долгосрочной перспективе.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты показывают, что эффективность девальвации в улучшении торгового баланса Азербайджана зависит от структуры экономики. В то время как ненефтяной сектор демонстрирует низкую чувствительность к изменениям обменного курса, нефтяной сектор играет доминирующую роль в процессах внешнеэкономической адаптации. В связи с этим ключевыми направлениями экономической политики являются диверсификация ненефтяного экспорта, увеличение производственного потенциала и снижение зависимости от импорта, что позволит повысить эффективность валютной политики и обеспечить долгосрочную экономическую устойчивость.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose of researsh</title><p>Purpose of researsh. The purpose of this study is to analyze the applicability of the J-curve effect and the Marshall–Lerner condition in the economy of Azerbaijan and to evaluate the impact of exchange rate changes on the trade balance. The research focuses on identifying the responsiveness of exports and imports to currency depreciation and determining whether devaluation contributes to the improvement of the trade balance in both the overall economy and the oil sector. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study is based on annual data for the period 1997–2024 and quarterly data for the oil sector covering 2005 to 2024. Official statistical sources include the State Statistical Committee and the Central Bank of Azerbaijan. The research applies quantitative and econometric methods, including multiple regression analysis, stationarity testing using the Dickey–Fuller test, vector autoregressive modeling, vector error correction modeling, cointegration analysis, impulse response functions, and causality testing. The estimation of parameters is conducted using the least squares method. This methodological framework allows for the analysis of both short-term dynamics and long-term equilibrium relationships between macroeconomic variables.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The empirical findings indicate that the Marshall–Lerner condition is not satisfied for the overall economy of Azerbaijan, as the sum of export and import demand elasticities remains below unity. As a result, currency depreciation does not improve the trade balance and the classical J-curve effect is not observed at the aggregate level. However, in the oil sector, the results reveal a different pattern. A stable longterm relationship exists between oil exports, oil gross domestic product, oil prices, and the exchange rate. The analysis confirms the presence of cointegration and bidirectional causality among these variables. In this sector, the Marshall–Lerner condition is satisfied and the J-curve effect is partially observed over time, indicating that exchange rate depreciation contributes to improving the trade balance in the long run. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results demonstrate that the effectiveness of currency depreciation in improving the trade balance in Azerbaijan depends on the structure of the economy. While the non-oil sector shows weak responsiveness to exchange rate changes, the oil sector plays a dominant role in external adjustment processes. Therefore, strengthening non-oil export diversification, increasing production capacity, and reducing import dependence are essential for enhancing the overall effectiveness of exchange rate policy and ensuring longterm economic stability.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Азербайджан</kwd><kwd>эффект J-кривой</kwd><kwd>условие Маршалла-Лернера</kwd><kwd>обменный курс</kwd><kwd>торговый баланс</kwd><kwd>нефтяной сектор</kwd><kwd>экспорт</kwd><kwd>импорт</kwd><kwd>экономическая диверсификация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Azerbaijan</kwd><kwd>J-curve effect</kwd><kwd>Marshall–Lerner condition</kwd><kwd>exchange rate</kwd><kwd>trade balance</kwd><kwd>oil sector</kwd><kwd>exports</kwd><kwd>imports</kwd><kwd>economic diversification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aliyev N. Gasımov A. Adigozelov Sh. 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