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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">umovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Статистика и Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Statistics and Economics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-3925</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2500-3925-2024-2-60-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">umovest-1818</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СТАТИСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMIC STATISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурные изменения в динамике экспорта и импорта Китая</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural Changes in the Dynamics of China’s Exports and Imports</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нарбут</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Narbut</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Викторовна Нарбут, к.э.н, доцент Кафедры бизнес-аналитики Факультета налогов, аудита и бизнес-анализа</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria V. Narbut, Cand. Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor of the Department of Business Analytics, Faculty of Taxes, Audit and Business Analysis</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvnarbut@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чинаева</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chinaeva</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Игоревна Чинаева, к.э.н., доцент Кафедры бизнес-аналитики Факультета налогов, аудита и бизнес-анализа</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana I. Chinaeva, Cand. Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor of the Department of Business Analytics at the Faculty of Taxes, Audit and Business Analysis</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">TIChinaeva@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Игоревна Ларионова, к.э.н., ученый секретарь Института проблем развития науки РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Larionova, Cand. Sci. (Economics), Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Problems of Science Development of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Larionova_len@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт проблем развития науки РАН (ИПРАН РАН); Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for the Study of Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, (ISS RAS); Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нарбут В.В., Чинаева Т.И., Ларионова Е.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нарбут В.В., Чинаева Т.И., Ларионова Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Narbut V.V., Chinaeva T.I., Larionova E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1818">https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1818</self-uri><abstract><p>Проводимая экономическая политика превратила Китай в крупную торговую державу. По размеру ВВП китайская экономика является первой экономикой мира в течение ряда последних лет, быстрорастущие торговые потоки Китая сделали его крупнейшим торговым партнером для многих стран. За последние двадцать лет происходил стремительный рост экспорта и импорта. В статье выдвинута гипотеза о наличии структурной нестабильности в динамике экспорта Китая за период с 2000 по 2020 гг. Гипотеза была подтверждена и в динамике экспорта и импорта были выделены два периода с разным характером основной тенденции развития: с 2000 по 2008 гг. и с 2009 по 2020 гг. Для каждого этапа подобраны уравнения тренда, описывающие динамику экспорта и импорта и выполнен интервальный прогноз показателей на 2021 год.Материалы и методы. В ходе работы применялся динамический, структурный анализ аналитической и статистической информации; использовались методы аналитического, логического, системного, корреляционно-регрессионного анализа, а также анализ структурных изменений. Анализ проводился с использованием программы Statistica 10.0.Результаты. Выявлено изменение значения коэффициента покрытия импорта экспортом до и после структурных изменений в динамике основных внешнеэкономических показателей и дана оценка их статистической значимости. Проведен анализ влияния динамики экспорта на динамику ВВП и установлено, что до структурных изменений влияние динамики экспорта на динамику ВВП было статистически не значимо, а после структурного перелома – динамика экспорта стала оказывать непосредственное влияние на изменение ВВП Китая.Заключение. Анализ официальных статистических данных об основных показателях внешнеэкономической деятельности Китая за период с 2000 по 2020 гг. позволил отметить, что объем китайского экспорта вырос за период 2010-2019 гг. с $1,58 трлн в 2010 г. (10,34% общемирового экспорта), до $2,50 трлн в 2019 г. (12,81% общемирового экспорта). В 2019 г. КНР по-прежнему занимал 1-е место по стоимости экспорта среди всех стран мира. Несмотря на сложный 2020 г. экспорт Китая достиг почти 2,6 трлн долларов США и увеличился по сравнению с 2019 г. на 4%. Также Китай занимает передовые позиции по экспорту высокотехнологичных товаров – их объем составляет 731,9 млрд долл. США, доля экспорта в общемировом объеме 25%. При этом динамика экспорта Китая за период с 2000 по 2020 гг. была неоднородна и характеризовалась структурной нестабильностью. Можно выделить два этапа с разным характером основной тенденции развития: с 2000 по 2008 гг. и с 2009 по 2020 гг. Исходя из этого, авторы пришли к заключению, что для описания основной тенденции развития динамики экспорта и импорта за период с 2000 по 2008 гг. наилучшим образом подойдет экспоненциальная модель. Для описания основной тенденции развития динамики экспорта и импорта в период с 2009 по 2020 гг. – логарифмическая модель. Исследование согласованности изменения объемов экспорта и импорта показало, что в период с 2009 по 2020 гг. характеризовался большей согласованностью основных внешнеторговых потоков Китая, чем период с 2000 по 2008 гг. В период до структурного перелома в динамике экспорта и импорта коэффициент покрытия варьировал со 105,7% до 127,6%, в период после структурного перелома коэффициент покрытия изменялся со 108,9% до 135,4%. Проверка статистической значимости различий коэффициента покрытия импорта экспортом до и после структурного перелома показала, что различия являются статистически не значимыми. В период с 2000 по 2008 гг. динамика экспорта Китая не оказывала статистически значимого влияния на динамику ВВП страны. С 2009 по 2020 гг. после структурных изменений в характере динамики основных показателей внешней торговли Китая, изменение экспорта стало оказывать статистически значимое влияние на динамику ВВП. Рост экспорта Китая на 1% в настоящее время приводит к росту объема ВВП на 0,25%. Практическая значимость работы определяется разработанной методикой анализа структурных изменений в динамике экспорта и импорта, рассмотренных на примере Китая.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The economic policy pursued has turned China into a major trading power. In terms of GDP, the Chinese economy has been the first economy in the world for a number of recent years; China’s rapidly growing trade flows have made it the largest trading partner for many countries. Over the past twenty years there has been rapid growth in exports and imports. The article puts forward a hypothesis about the presence of structural instability in the dynamics of Chinese exports for the period from 2000 to 2020. The hypothesis was confirmed and two periods were identified in the dynamics of exports and imports with different natures of the main development trend: from 2000 to 2008 and from 2009 to 2020. For each stage, trend equations were selected that describe the dynamics of exports and imports and an interval forecast of indexes for 2021 was made. Materials and methods. During the work, dynamic, structural analysis of analytical and statistical information was used; methods of analytical, logical, systemic, correlation and regression analysis were used, as well as analysis of structural changes. The analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program.Results. A change in the value of the import coverage ratio by exports was revealed before and after structural changes in the dynamics of the main foreign economic indexes and an assessment of their statistical significance was given. An analysis of the influence of export dynamics on GDP dynamics was carried out and it was found that before structural changes, the influence of export dynamics on GDP dynamics was statistically insignificant, and after a structural change, export dynamics began to have a direct impact on changes in China’s GDP. Conclusion. Analysis of official statistical data on the main indexes of China’s foreign economic activity for the period from 2000 to 2020 allowed us to note that the volume of Chinese exports increased over the period 2010-2019 from $1.58 trillion in 2010 (10.34% of global exports), to $2.50 trillion in 2019 (12.81% of global exports). In 2019, China continued to rank first in terms of export value among all countries in the world. Despite the challenging year of 2020, China’s exports reached almost 2.6 trillion US dollars and increased by 4% compared to 2019.China also occupies a leading position in the export of high-tech goods - their volume is 731.9 billion US dollars, the share of exports in the global volume is 25%. At the same time, the dynamics of Chinese exports for the period from 2000 to 2020 was heterogeneous and characterized by structural instability. Two stages can be distinguished with different characteristics of the main development trend: from 2000 to 2008 and from 2009 to 2020. Based on this, the authors came to the conclusion that to describe the main trend in the development of export and import dynamics for the period from 2000 to 2008, the exponential model is best suited. To describe the main trend in the development of export and import dynamics in the period from 2009 to 2020 - logarithmic model. A study of the consistency of changes in export and import volumes showed that in the period from 2009 to 2020 was characterized by greater consistency in China’s main foreign trade flows than the period from 2000 to 2008. In the period before the structural change in the dynamics of exports and imports, the coverage ratio varied from 105.7% to 127.6%; in the period after the structural change, the coverage ratio changed from 108.9% to 135.4%.Checking the statistical significance of the differences in the coefficient of coverage of imports by exports before and after the structural change showed that the differences are not statistically significant. In the period from 2000 to 2008 the dynamics of China’s exports did not have a statistically significant impact on the dynamics of the country’s GDP. From 2009 to 2020 after structural changes in the nature of the dynamics of the main indexes of China’s foreign trade, changes in exports began to have a statistically significant impact on the dynamics of GDP. A 1% increase in China’s exports now results in a 0.25% increase in GDP.The practical significance of the paper is determined by the developed methodology for analyzing structural changes in the dynamics of exports and imports, examined using the example of China.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>ВВП</kwd><kwd>структурные изменения</kwd><kwd>экспорт</kwd><kwd>импорт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>GDP</kwd><kwd>structural changes</kwd><kwd>exports</kwd><kwd>imports</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Варнавский В. 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