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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">umovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Статистика и Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Statistics and Economics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-3925</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2500-3925-2022-5-35-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">umovest-1651</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СТАТИСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMIC STATISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Pегионы России: результаты кластеризации на основе экономических и инновационных показателей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regions of Russia: Clustering Results Based on Economic and Innovation Indexes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заварухин</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavarukhin</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Петрович Заварухин, кандидат-экономических наук, директор</p><p> Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir P. Zavarukhin, Cand. Sci. (Economics), Director</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">V.Zavarukhin@issras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чинаева</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chinaeva</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Игоревна Чинаева, кандидат-экономических наук, доцент департамента бизнес-аналитики Факультета налогов, аудита и бизнес-анализа, заведующая сектором Института проблем развития науки РАН (ИПРАН РАН) ФГОБУ ВО «Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana I. Сhinaeva, Cand. Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor of the Department of Business Analytics of the Faculty of Taxes, Audit and Business Analysis, Head ofSector of the Institute of Problems of Science Development of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPRAN RAS) FSOBU HE «Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation»</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.chinaeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурилова</surname><given-names>Э. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churilova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эльвира Юрьевна Чурилова, кандидат-экономических наук, доцент Департамента бизнес-аналитики Факультета налогов, аудита и бизнес-анализа ФГОБУ ВО «Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации», ведущий научный сотрудник Института проблем развития науки РАН (ИПРАН РАН)</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elvira Y. Churilova, Cand. Sci. (Economics) Associate Professor of the Department of Business Analytics of the Faculty of Taxes, Audit and Business Analysis FSOBU HE «Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation», Leading Researcher at the Institute of Problems of Science Development of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPRAN RAS)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EChurilova@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем развития науки РАН (ИПРАН РАН)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute for the Study of Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, (ISS RAS)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем развития науки РАН (ИПРАН РАН);&#13;
Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute for the Study of Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, (ISS RAS);&#13;
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Заварухин В.П., Чинаева Т.И., Чурилова Э.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Заварухин В.П., Чинаева Т.И., Чурилова Э.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zavarukhin V.P., Chinaeva T.I., Churilova E.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1651">https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1651</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время одним из основных трендов является изучение особенностей и преимуществ регионального развития, повышение значимости роли регионов в национальной и мировой политике Имеющиеся различия в технологических результатах, которые можно наблюдать на национальном и региональном уровнях, в значительной степени обусловлены особенностями институциональной среды, т.е. степенью концентрации на уровне региона высокотехнологичных компаний, современной производственной и инновационной инфраструктур. Регионы Российской Федерации демонстрируют заметные различия, касающиеся уровня социально-экономического развития, наличия человеческих и природных ресурсов, развития образовательного, научного и инновационного потенциалов в определенной зависимости от исторически сложившейся развитости инфраструктуры. В  данном исследовании рассматриваются результаты кластеризации российских регионов по основным показателям, характеризующим экономическую, научную и инновационную деятельность. Классификация регионов осуществлялась методом кластерного анализа.</p><sec><title> Цель исследования</title><p> Цель исследования. Целью исследования являлось определение однородных групп регионов, схожих по своим экономическим и инновационным показателям, статистический анализ этих групп на основе непараметрических методов и методов корреляционно-регрессионного анализа, формирование выводов и рекомендаций, касающихся инновационной деятельности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Информационной базой исследования послужили статистические данные и аналитическая информация, характеризующая состояние экономической и инновационной деятельности в российских регионах. В исследовании использовались следующие статистические методы: непараметрические (ранговые коэффициенты корреляции Спирмена, критерий Манна Уитни), корреляционный (коэффициенты Пирсона, коэффициенты детерминации) регрессионный (нелинейные регрессионные модели), многомерные классификации (кластерный анализ), описательные статистики (средние, структурные средние, показатели вариации и др.).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате кластеризации регионов России методом k-средних получены 4 кластерных группы, внутри статистически однородные по исследуемым показателям. С целью выявления взаимосвязей между рассматриваемыми показателями рассчитывались парные линейных коэффициенты корреляции Пирсона. В ходе исследования были проверены три гипотезы о статистически значимых различиях между показателями третьего и четвертого кластеров. Набор показателей был следующий: коэффициент изобретательской активности, внутренние затраты на исследования и разработки в расчете на одного работника, среднедушевой размер инновационных товаров и услуг. Для этих целей был использован непараметрический критерий Манна-Уитни. Проведенный анализ показал, что Регионы РФ крайне разнообразны и неоднородны по своему экономическому и инновационному развитию. При их анализе целесообразно предварительно использовать методы кластерного анализа для получения однородных групп территорий со схожими социальными и экономическими характеристиками, что подтверждается в настоящем исследовании проверкой гипотез о статистически значимых различиях между показателями третьего и четвертого кластеров (различия первого и второго кластеров с остальными кластерами и между собой очевидны и не требуют каких-либо математических доказательств).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Лидерами в научном и инновационном развитии являются г. Москва, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московская область и Республика Татарстан. У них самые высокие показатели изобретательской активности населения и объемы производства инновационных товаров и услуг. Такие субъекты РФ, как Тюменская область, республика Саха (Якутия), Магаданская область, Сахалинская область и Чукотка образовали кластерную группу с самыми высокими размерами среднедушевых ВРП, инвестиций и основных фондов, но у них практически самые низкие показатели инновационной активности. Добывающая промышленность является главным двигателем экономики этих регионов. Свой отдельный кластер образовали 26 регионов со средними по РФ уровнями экономического и инновационного развития. В частности, в него вошли области: Белгородская, Липецкая, Смоленская, Архангельская, Вологодская, Ленинградская, Мурманская, Челябинская, Иркутская, Томская и др. Эти регионы перспективны в инновационном плане, но требуют для своего дальнейшего развития существенных федеральных вложений. Четвертая группа регионов объединила экономически слабые территории с низкими показателями инновационной деятельности. Эти регионы составили более половины от всей совокупности (47 регионов). Статистический анализ внутри полученных кластеров позволил выявить взаимосвязи экономических показателей и описать их с помощью регрессионных моделей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, one of the main trends is the study of the features and benefits of regional development, increasing the importance of the role of regions in national and world politics. The differences in technological results that can be observed at the national and regional levels are largely due to the peculiarities of the institutional environment, i.e. the degree of concentration at the regional level of high-tech companies, modern production and innovation infrastructures. The regions of the Russian Federation demonstrate noticeable differences regarding the level of socio-economic development, the availability of human and natural resources, the development of educational, scientific and innovative potentials, depending on the historical development of infrastructure. This study examines the results of clustering Russian regions according to the main indexes characterizing the economic, scientific and innovative activity. The classification of regions was carried out by the method of cluster analysis.</p><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. The aim of the study was to identify homogeneous groups of regions that are similar in their economic and innovation indexes, statistical analysis of these groups based on non-parametric methods and methods of correlation and regression analysis, the formation of conclusions and recommendations regarding innovation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The information base of the study was statistical data and analytical information characterizing the state of economic and innovation activity in the Russian regions. The following statistical methods were used in the study: non-parametric (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitney test), correlation (Pearson’s coefficients, coefficients of determination), regression (non-linear regression models), multivariate classifications (cluster analysis), descriptive statistics (averages, structural averages, indicators of variation, etc.).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As a result of clustering the regions of Russia using the k-means method, 4 cluster groups were obtained, which are statistically homogeneous within the studied indexes. In order to identify the relationships between the considered indexes, paired linear Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. The study tested three hypotheses about statistically significant differences between the indexes of the third and fourth clusters. The set of indexes was as follows: the coefficient of inventive activity, internal costs of research and development per employee, the average per capita size of innovative goods and services. For these purposes, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used. The analysis showed that the regions of the Russian Federation are extremely diverse and heterogeneous in terms of their economic and innovative development. When analyzing them, it is advisable to first use cluster analysis methods to obtain homogeneous groups of territories with similar social and economic characteristics, which is confirmed in this study by testing hypotheses about statistically significant differences between the indexes of the third and fourth clusters (differences between the first and second clusters with other clusters and between themselves obvious and do not require any mathematical proof).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The leaders in scientific and innovative development are Moscow, St. Petersburg, the Moscow region and the Republic of Tatarstan. They have the highest rates of inventive activity of the population and the volume of production of innovative goods and services. Such regions of the Russian Federation as the Tyumen region, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Magadan region, Sakhalin region and Chukotka formed a cluster group with the highest per capita GRP, investments and fixed assets, but they have almost the lowest rates of innovation activity. The extractive industry is the main engine of the economy of these regions. A separate cluster was formed by 26 regions with average levels of economic and innovative development in the Russian Federation. In particular, it includes the areas: Belgorod, Lipetsk, Smolensk, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Leningrad, Murmansk, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Tomsk, etc. These regions are promising in terms of innovation, but require significant federal investments for their further development. The fourth group of regions united economically weak territories with low rates of innovation activity. These regions accounted for more than half of the total (47 regions). Statistical analysis within the resulting clusters made it possible to identify the relationship between economic indexes and describe them using regression models.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>технологическое развитие</kwd><kwd>инновационная инфраструктура</kwd><kwd>наука и технологии</kwd><kwd>инновационное развитие регионов</kwd><kwd>социально-экономическое развитие регионов</kwd><kwd>кластеризация регионов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>technological development</kwd><kwd>innovative infrastructure</kwd><kwd>science and technology</kwd><kwd>innovative development of regions</kwd><kwd>socioeconomic development of regions</kwd><kwd>clustering of regions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohmae K. New model China. Project Syndicate, 2002. 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