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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">umovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Статистика и Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Statistics and Economics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-3925</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2500-3925-2022-5-48-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">umovest-1644</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТИСТИКА И МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATISTICAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS  IN ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О комбинациях гармоник и полиномов в эконометрическом моделировании курсовых изменений RUB/AZN</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the Combination of Harmonics and Polynoms in Econometric Modeling of RUB/AZN Exchange Rate</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лейла Маздек кызы Мамедова, кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент кафедры «Математическая экономика»</p><p>Баку</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leyla Mazdek Mamedova, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics Sciences, Associate Professor at Department of Mathematical Economic</p><p>Baku</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.mamedova2807@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Бакинский Государственный Университет</institution><country>Азербайджан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baku State University</institution><country>Azerbaijan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мамедова Л.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мамедова Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mamedova L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1644">https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1644</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведение комбинационного полиномиального и спектрального анализа временных рядов, сформированных на основе ежедневных наблюдений за изменениями курса RUB/AZN с выраженными колебаниями за период 11.05.2017-02.11.2018 на основе компьютерного эконометрического моделирования.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Возможность описания глобальной динамики курса аппроксимацией с сочетанием нелинейного полиномиального тренда и гармонических колебаний различных частот относительно этой кривой; возможность вычисления амплитуд и фаз, которые можно использовать для оценок спектра мощности аппроксимации Фурье; возможность выработки высокоточного алгоритма для прогнозирования курсовых изменений RUB/AZN.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методология</title><p>Материалы и методология. Использованы официальные статистические данные госкомстата Азербайджана; классические методы математического анализа и экономического анализа; применены методы эконометрики, гармонического (Фурье) анализа, статистического спектрального анализа, «Анализ Фурье» надстройки MS Excel, инструменты пакета прикладных программ Eviews 8 с учетом показателей среднеквадратичного отклонения и средней ошибки аппроксимации, необходимые статистические процедуры, требуемые для идентификации и оценки параметров модели и проверки ее адекватности и точности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разбивая эмпирический анализ заданных временных рядов на полиномиальные по временной шкале и частотно-временные компоненты. Выявлены комбинации оптимальной степени вариантов полиномов до 11-ой степени и число гармоник синусов и косинусов всех возможных дискретных частот.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Этот результат позволяет пересмотреть асимметрическое воздействие давления курса RUB/AZN на внешнеторговый баланс между Россией и Азербайджаном. Увеличение/уменьшение давления курса влияет на вероятность кризиса рубля-маната, в то время как это явление может отрицательно/положительно повлиять на внешнеторговый баланс и может затруднить/облегчить импортирование ресурсов, товаров и услуг между странами. Это в свою очередь делает основательной задачу дальнейшего детального структурирования и анализа курсовых изменений RUB/AZN в условиях усиленных санкционных давлений против России, тем самым актуализируя развитие ретроспективной части исследования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Conducting a combinational polynomial and spectral analysis of time series formed on the basis of daily observations of changes in the RUB/AZN exchange rate with pronounced fluctuations for the period 11.05.2017- 02.11.2018 based on computer econometric modeling.</p><p>The purpose of the research. The possibility of describing the global rate dynamics by approximation with a combination of a nonlinear polynomial trend and harmonic oscillations of various frequencies relative to this curve; the ability to calculate amplitudes and phases, which can be used to estimate the power spectrum of the Fourier approximation; the ability to develop a high-precision algorithm for predicting exchange rate changes in RUB/AZN.</p><p>Materials and methodology. The official statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan were used; classical methods of mathematical analysis and economic analysis; methods of econometrics, harmonic (Fourier) analysis, statistical spectral analysis, “Fourier analysis” of the MS Excel add-in, tools of the Eviews 8 application package with the standard deviation and average approximation error being taken into account, the necessary statistical procedures required for identifying and estimating the parameters of the model and checking its adequacy and accuracy.</p><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. By breaking up the empirical analysis of given time series into time-scale polynomial and time-frequency components. Combinations of the optimal degree of variants of polynomials up to the 11th degree and the number of harmonics of sines and cosines of all possible discrete frequencies were revealed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. This result allows us to reconsider the asymmetric impact of RUB/AZN exchange rate pressure on the foreign trade balance between Russia and Azerbaijan. An increase/decrease in exchange rate pressure affects the likelihood of a ruble-manat crisis, while this phenomenon may negatively/positively affect the foreign trade balance and may make it difficult/easier to import resources, goods and services between countries. This, in turn, adds significance to the task of further detailed structuring and analysis of exchange rate changes in RUB/AZN in the face of increased sanction pressures against Russia, thereby actualizing the development of the retrospective part of the study.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>временные ряды</kwd><kwd>коэффициенты Фурье</kwd><kwd>гармонический анализ</kwd><kwd>полиномиальный тренд</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>time series</kwd><kwd>Fourier coefficients</kwd><kwd>harmonic analysis</kwd><kwd>polynomial trend</kwd><kwd>forecasting</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гренджер К., Хатанака П. Спектральный анализ и его применение. М.: Статистика, 1972. 314 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grendzher K., Khatanaka P. 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