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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">umovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Статистика и Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Statistics and Economics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-3925</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2500-3925-2020-6-64-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">umovest-1528</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТИСТИКА И МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ В ЭКОНОМИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование статистических оценок в игре с природой как модели инвестирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Using Statistical Estimates in the Game with Nature as an Investment Model</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелик</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelik</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Александрович Горелик - Д.ф.-м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor A. Gorelik - Dr. Sci. (Sociological), Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vgor16@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Валерьяновна Золотова - Д.ф.-м.н., профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Zolotova - Dr. Sci. (Sociological), Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tgold11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Вычислительный центр им. А.А.Дородницына ФИЦ ИУ РАН; &#13;
Московский педагогический государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dorodnicyn Computing Centre, FRC CSC RAS; Moscow State Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горелик В.А., Золотова Т.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горелик В.А., Золотова Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorelik V.A., Zolotova T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1528">https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1528</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Цель исследования состоит в разработке новых принципов принятия решений (принципов оптимальности) в играх с природой и их применении для анализа статистических данных и выбора стратегий фондового инвестирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В статье проведен анализ российской и зарубежной библиографии по проблеме исследования. Предложена модель принятия решений в игре с природой с известными вероятностями состояний. В качестве оценки эффективности принимается математическое ожидание выигрыша игрока, а в качестве оценки риска – среднеквадратическое отклонение или дисперсия. Эта двухкритериальная задача формализуется путем перевода оценки эффективности в ограничение. В результате для случая смешанных стратегий возникает нелинейная (квадратичная) задача математического программирования. Для ее решения применяется подход, основанный на использовании функции Лагранжа и условий оптимальности Каруша-Куна-Таккера. В качестве приложения полученных методов рассматриваются задачи фондового инвестирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Получены аналитические методы решения указанной оптимизационной задачи и алгоритм поиска оптимальных смешанных стратегий. Приведены практические примеры применения предложенного подхода на реальных статистических данных. В качестве исходных данных в настоящем исследовании послужили котировки акций российских компаний электроэнергетической отрасли за период с 01.07.2020 по 01.10.2020, взятые с сайта Инвестиционной компании «ФИНАМ». Разработанный метод позволяет находить по формулам оптимальную стратегию и соответствующие ей значения доходности и риска на основе только исходных данных (статистических характеристик финансовых инструментов и порогового значения доходности), т.е. дает, на наш взгляд, удобный инструмент анализа для инвестора.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Понятие принципа оптимальности в задачах принятия решений в условиях неполной информации является весьма неоднозначным. Лицо, принимающее решение, должно иметь возможность выбирать из спектра моделей принятия решений, отражающих зависимость вида рационального поведения от имеющейся информации и его отношения к риску. В работе предложена модель такого типа для случая вероятностной неопределенности, которая приводит к задаче минимизации дисперсии как оценки риска при ограничении снизу на математическое ожидание как оценки эффективности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. The aim of the research is to develop new principles of decision making (principles of optimality) in games with nature and their application to analyze statistical data and choose strategies for stock investment.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We analyze Russian and foreign bibliography on the research problem. A model of decision making in a game with nature with known state probabilities is proposed. The mathematical expectation of the player's payoff is taken as an assessment of efficiency, and the standard deviation or variance is taken as a risk assessment. This two-criterion task is formalized by transferring the efficiency assessment into a constraint. As a result, for the case of mixed strategies, a nonlinear (quadratic) task of mathematical programming arises. To solve it, an approach based on the Lagrange function and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions is used. As an application of the methods obtained, the problems of stock investment are considered.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Analytical methods for solving the indicated optimization problem and an algorithm for finding optimal mixed strategies are obtained. Practical examples of application of the proposed approach on real statistical data are given. As the initial data in this study, we used stock quotes of Russian companies in the electric power industry for the period from 01.07.2020 to 01.10.2020, taken from the website of the FINAM Investment Company. The developed method allows one to find the optimal strategy and the corresponding values of profitability and risk based on only the initial data (statistical characteristics of financial instruments and the threshold value of profitability), i.e. provides, in our opinion, a convenient analysis tool for the investor.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The concept of the principle of optimality in decision making problems under conditions of incomplete information is very ambiguous. The decision maker should be able to choose from a range of decision making models that reflect the dependence of the type of rational behavior on the available information and the attitude to risk. The paper proposes a model of this type for the case of probabilistic uncertainty, which leads to the problem of minimizing variance as a risk assessment with a lower bound on the mathematical expectation as an assessment of efficiency.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>управление риском</kwd><kwd>принцип оптимальности</kwd><kwd>двухкритериальный подход</kwd><kwd>математическое ожидание</kwd><kwd>среднеквадратическое отклонение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>risk management</kwd><kwd>principle of optimality</kwd><kwd>two-criterion approach</kwd><kwd>mathematical expectation</kwd><kwd>standard deviation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горелик В.А., Золотова Т.В. О некоторых функциях риска и их применении в инвестиционных задачах // Управление риском. 2011. № 3. С. 59–64, № 4. 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