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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">umovest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Статистика и Экономика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Statistics and Economics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-3925</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21686/2500-3925-2019-5-94-110</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">umovest-1401</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ СТАТИСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIAL STATISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выявление трендов падения доходов населения США на протяжении пяти последних десятилетий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Identification of trends in the decline in US income over the past five decades</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2153-3848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капитанов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapitanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Анатольевич Капитанов – кандидат технических наук, заместитель начальник отдела  </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Kapitanov – Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Deputy Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kapitanov_v_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Александровна Иванова – доктор технических наук, заведующий отделом Теории управляющих систем  </p><p>Донецк  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Ivanova – Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Head of the Department «Theories of control systems»</p><p>Donetsk   </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanova.iamm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimova</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Юрьевна Максимова – кандидат технических наук, ученый секретарь  </p><p>Донецк  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra Y. Maksimova – Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Scientific Secretary  </p><p>Donetsk   </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maximova.alexandra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО "НИИ "Полюс" им. М.Ф. Стельмаха"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Polyus Research Institute of M.F. Stelmakh</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт прикладной математики и механики</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Капитанов В.А., Иванова А.А., Максимова А.Ю., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Капитанов В.А., Иванова А.А., Максимова А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kapitanov V.A., Ivanova A.A., Maksimova A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1401">https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1401</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью работы является проверка известного предсказания Карла Маркса о тенденции к снижению доходов пролетариата при капитализме. В качестве объекта исследования выбраны США как передовая капиталистическая страна с относительно слабо развитым по сравнению с прочими передовыми капитали­стическими странами государственным сектором экономики и относительно небольшими социальными трансфертами.  В данной работе под снижением доходов подразумевается до­статочно массовое явление, касающееся по меньшей мере 10% населения и длящееся как минимум 10 лет.  Циклический характер капиталистической экономики приводит к резким колебаниям доходов населения, вследствие которых при обработке данных возникают проблемы: тренды к пони­жению могут быть выявлены только на достаточно больших промежутках времени.  С учётом этого выбрана методика исследования – изучение максимально большого количества разнородных данных. Были рассмотрены прямые данные о доходах различных статистиче­ских единиц, принятых в американской статистике – семей, домохозяйств, индивидуумов, персон, прямые данные о зарпла­тах, а также и косвенные данные о качестве жизни – долго­временные изменения среднемедианной высоты тела, ожидаемой продолжительности жизни, удельного количества заключённых.  Все изученные источники подтверждают предположение о долгосрочном (приблизительно с 1969 г.) снижении доходов большинства (&gt; 50%) или по крайне мере значительной доли населения США.  Все приведённые в статье данные являются оценками снизу. В действительности доля подверженного снижению доходов населения – выше, а глубина падения доходов – значительнее, поскольку использованные при обработке данных индексы по­требительских цен не учитывает бльшую подверженность доходов бедных влиянию инфляции, в индексах не учтено скрытое повышение цен на товары, связанное с ухудшением их качества, никак не учтены связанные с ростом экономики экстерналии, влиянию которых подвержены в первую очередь бедные.  Показано, что снижение доходов достаточно глубоко, чтобы иметь негативные физиологические последствия – сокраща­ется рост не менее 50% населения, падает ожидаемая про­должительность жизни не менее 15…30% (в зависимости от источника) населения.  Установлено, что физиологические последствия снижения дохо­дов имеют гендерную асимметрию – снижение среднемедианной высоты тела и сокращение ожидаемой продолжительности жизни более выражено у женщин, чем у мужчин, несмотря на тенденцию выравнивания доходов/зарплат мужчин и женщин.  Снижение доходов достаточно глубоко, чтобы иметь негатив­ные социальные последствия: оно привело в 1969 г к переходу от стабильного в течение десятилетий удельного количества заключённых к экспоненциальному росту; пиковые значения удельного количества заключённых в 2000-е годы семикратно превышают уровень 1969 г.  В качестве причины снижения доходов рассмотрена и отвер­гнута гипотеза о влиянии роста иммиграции в США.  </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work is to test the well-known prediction of Karl Marx about the tendency to reduce the income of the proletariat under capitalism. The United States has been selected as the object of study as an advanced capitalist country with a relatively weakly developed public sector of the economy compared to other advanced capitalist countries and relatively small social transfers.  In this work, by income reduction, we mean a massive phenomenon, involving at least 10% of the population and lasting for at least 10 years.  The cyclical nature of the capitalist economy leads to sharp fluctuations in the income of the population, because of which problems arise during data processing: the downward trends can only be detected at sufficiently large intervals of time.  Considering this, as research methods were the study of the largest possible amount of heterogeneous data. Direct data on the income of various statistical units, adopted in American statistics families, households, individuals, persons, direct data on wages, as well as indirect data on quality of life – long-term changes in average people height, life expectancy, specific number of prisoners were reviewed in this paper.  All studied sources confirm the assumption of a long-term (approximately since 1969) decrease in the income of the majority (&gt; 50%) or at least a significant proportion of the US population.  All data presented in the article are the estimates below. In fact, the share of the population subject to a decrease in income is higher, and the depth of the fall in income is greater. The consumer price indices, used in the processing of data do not take into account the greater susceptibility of income of the poor to the influence of inflation; the indices do not take into account the hidden increase in prices for the goods associated with the deterioration of their quality. Externalities, connected with the economic growth are not considered, the poor primarily affect the influence of which.  It is shown that the decline in income is deep enough to have negative physiological consequences – the growth of at least 50% of the population is reduced, the life expectancy of at least 15 ... 30% (depending on the source) of the population falls.  It is noted that the physiological consequences of a decrease in income  have a gender asymmetry – reducing the average median body height and a decrease in life expectancy is more pronounced for women than for men, despite the trend of equalization of incomes/wages for men and women.  The decline in income is deep enough to have negative social consequences: in 1969, it led to a transition from a stable number of prisoners for decades to exponential growth; peak values of the specific number of prisoners in the 2000s are seven times higher than the level of 1969.  As a reason for the decline in income, the hypothesis about the impact of rising US immigration was presented and rejected.  </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>снижение доходов</kwd><kwd>абсолютное обнищание</kwd><kwd>Маркс</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>гендерные диспаритеты</kwd><kwd>ожидаемая продолжительность жизни</kwd><kwd>системный кризис</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>income decline</kwd><kwd>absolute impoverishment</kwd><kwd>Marx</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>gender disparities</kwd><kwd>life expectancy</kwd><kwd>systemic crisis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркс К., Энгельс Ф. 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