umovestСтатистика и ЭкономикаStatistics and Economics2500-3925Plekhanov Russian University of Economics10.21686/2500-3925-2018-5-63-72umovest-1310Research ArticleИСТОРИЯ СТАТИСТИКИHISTORY OF STATISTICSВременной индекс стоимости жизни: от формирования концепции до практических расчетовTemporal cost-of-living index: from the generation of conception to the applied assessmentКозловаМ. А.KozlovaM. A.

+79193872784

8(919)387-27-84

kozlova_mary@mail.ruУральский государственный экономический университетРоссияUral State University of EconomicsRussian Federation2018131120181556372Copyright © Козлова М.А., 20182018Козлова М.А.Kozlova M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://statecon.rea.ru/jour/article/view/1310

Цель данной статьи заключается в выявлении закономерностей исторического развития индекса стоимости жизни, который является важным ценовым индикатором макроэкономических процессов.Материалы и методы. Анализ динамики концепции индекса стоимости жизни и его практических расчетов осуществлялся на материале статей в зарубежных (американских и западноевропейских) периодических изданий, а также на основе данных бюллетеней Бюро статистики труда США. В качестве методов исследования принимается анализ сформулированных концепций индекса стоимости жизни, математически обоснованных выводов возможных формул индекса стоимости жизни, эмпирических пробаций предложенных гипотез относительно соотношения индекса стоимости жизни и других индексов, количественных оценок искажений рассчитываемых показателей по отношению к индексу стоимости жизни.Результаты. История развития индекса стоимости жизни были разделена на два этапа, а границей между этапами стал 1945 г., когда тот индекс цен, который рассчитывали до этого момента и называли индексом жизни, был переименован в индекс потребительских цен. Первый этап (с середины 1910-х гг. до 1945 г.) характеризовался первоначальным накоплением данных и научных исследований. Большую часть исследований составляли статьи обзорного характера и статьи, оценивающие современную для того времени методику расчета индекса стоимости жизни. При этом статьи о концепции индексастоимости жизни и о его формулах являются основой исследований после 1945 г. На втором этапе, когда исследования индекса стоимости жизни и индекса потребительских цен разделились на две группы, преобладают исследования с математическими выведениями и доказательства, касающиеся определения области детерминирующих индекс стоимости жизни показателей (доходы и расходы населения, используемая технология, состав семьи), касающиеся включения индекса в контекст экономической теории. Эмпирические работы второго периода подтверждают многие теоретические идеи на материале национальных статистик.Заключение. Временной индекс стоимости жизни является важнейших индикатором не только ценовых процессов в национальной экономике, но и маркером динамики уровня жизни населения. Привлечение внимание к индексу стоимости жизни позволит методически обогатить экономические исследования и обозначить пути развития этого показателя, среди которых нужно выделить расчет «альтернативных» индексов потребительских цен с учетом их аппроксимации к индексу стоимости жизни, осуществление эконометрических исследований по данным статистике РФ и углубление теоретического анализе на основе концепции истинного индекса стоимости жизни А. Конюса. 

The purpose of this paper consists in the identification of historical development pattern of the cost-of-living index, which is a significant price indicator of macroeconomic process.Materials and methods. The analysis of the cost-of-living index conception in dynamics is realized on the base of the foreign (American and West European) periodical data, also on the base of bulletins of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The methods of research is an analysis of generated conceptions of the cost-of-living index, mathematically well-founded selection of possible formulae of cost-of-living index, empirical justification of hypotheses about the ratio of the cost-of-living index and other indexes, the numerical estimation of bias calculated in relation of the cost-of-living index.Results. The history of cost-of-living index development was divided into two stages, the boundary between two stages is 1945, when the price index, which was calculated before this moment and named the cost-of-living index, was renamed the consumer price index. The first stage (from the middle of 1910th to 1945) was described by the first accumulation of data and researches. The most part of researches consists of the survey papers and articles estimating the modern methods of cost-of living index assessment. In addition, there are some articles about the conception of cost-of-living index ant its formulae that are the base of researches after 1945. On the second stage when the investigations of cost-of-living index and consumer price index were divided, the most part of articles consists of the mathematical selection and proofs concerning the detection of the sphere of determinant to cost-of-living index of indicators (income and expenditure, used technology, family structure), also concerning the inclusion and connection of cost-of-living index in the context of economics. Empirical works of the second stage confirm some theoretical ideas on the base of national statistics.Conclusion. The temporal cost-of-living index is the significant indicator not only of price process in the national economy, also dynamics marker of the standard of living. The effort to attract the attention to cost-of-living index will allow methodically enriching the economic researches and generating the ways of this indicator development. Among the ways it needs to mark out the calculating “alternative” consumer price indexes with due regard to approximation to cost-of-living index, realization of econometric investigation on the base of Russian statistics and intensification of the theoretical analysis on the base of conception of the true cost-of-living index by A. Konüs.

индекс стоимости жизнииндекс потребительских ценнаблюдение за бюджетами домашних хозяйствcost-of-living indexconsumer price indexobservation of budget familiesReferencesMeeker R. The possibility of compiling an index of the cost of living // The American Economic Review. 1919. Vol. 9. No. 1. P. 108–117.Meeker R. The possibility of compiling an index of the cost of living. The American Economic Review. 1919; 9 (1): 108–117.Hogg M.H. Revising the wage earners’ costof-living index // Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1934. Vol. 29. No. 185. P. 120–124.Hogg M.H. Revising the wage earners’ costof-living index. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1934; 29 (185): 120–124.Mudgett B.D. The problem of the representative budget in a cost of living index //Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1933. Vol. 28. No. 181. P. 26–32.Mudgett B.D. The problem of the representative budget in a cost of living index. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1933; 28 (181): 26–32.Hogg M.H. A distortion in the cost of living index // Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1931. Vol. 26. No. 173. P. 52–57.Hogg M.H. A distortion in the cost of living index. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1931; 26 (173): 52–57.Retail prices 1907 to December, 1914. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. No. 156. Washington: Government printing office, 1915.Retail prices 1907 to December, 1914. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics Vol. 156. Washington: Government printing office, 1915.Cost of living in the United States. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. No. 357. Washington: Government printing office, 1924.Cost of living in the United States. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics Vol.357. Washington: Government printing office, 1924.Wright H.R. The use of family expenditure in cost-of-living indexes // Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1934. Vol. 29. No. 185. P. 118–119.Wright H.R. The use of family expenditure in cost-of-living indexes. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1934; 29 (185): 118–119.Barnett G.E. A critique of the cost-of-living studies // Quarterly Publication of the American Statistical Association. 1921. Vol. 17. No. 135. P. 904–909.Barnett G.E. A critique of the cost-of-living studies. Quarterly Publication of the American Statistical Association. 1921; 17 (135): 904–909.Sayre R.A. Cost of living indexes // Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1941. Vol. 36. No. 214. P. 191–200.Sayre R.A. Cost of living indexes. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1941; 36 (214): 191–200.Wickens A.J. What the cost-of-living index is // The Journal of Business of the University of Chicago. 1944. Vol. 17. No. 3. P. 146–161.Wickens A.J. What the cost-of-living index is. The Journal of Business of the University of Chicago. 1944; 17 (3): 146–161.Williams F.M., Rice F.R., Shell E.D. Cost of living indexes in wartime // Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1942. Vol. 37. No. 220. P. 415–424.Williams F.M., Rice F.R., Shell E.D. Cost of living indexes in wartime. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1942; 37 (220): 415–424.Mills F.C., Bakke E.W., Cox R., Reid M.G., Schultz T.W., Stratton S.S. An appraisal of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics cost of living index // Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1943. Vol. 38. No. 224. P. 387–405.Mills F.C., Bakke E.W., Cox R., Reid M.G., Schultz T.W., Stratton S.S. An appraisal of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics cost of living index. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1943; 38 (224): 387–405.Teper L. Observations on the cost of living index of the Bureau of Labor Statistics // Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1943. Vol. 38. No. 223. P. 271–284.Teper L. Observations on the cost of living index of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1943; 38 (223): 271–284.Конюс А.А. Проблема истинного индекса стоимости жизни. В кн.: Рубинштейн А.Я. (ред.) Избранные труды Кондратьевского Конъюнктурного института. М.: Издательство «Экономика», 2010. С. 39–54.14. Konyus A.A. Problema istinnogo indeksa stoimosti zhizni. V kn.: Rubinshteyn A.YA. (red.) Izbrannyye trudy Kondrat’yevskogo Kon”yunkturnogo instituta. = The problem of the true cost of living index. In: A.Y. Rubinstein (Ed.) Selected works of Kondratyevsk Institute of Market Studies. Moscow: Ekonomika Publishing House, 2010: 39–54. (In Russ.)Schultz H. A misunderstanding in indexnumber theory: the true Konüs condition on the cost-of-living index numbers and its limitations //Econometrica. 1939. Vol. 7. No. 1. P. 1–9.Schultz H. A misunderstanding in indexnumber theory: the true Konüs condition on the cost-of-living index numbers and its limitations. Econometrica. 1939; 7 (1): 1–9.Mudgett B.D. The cost-of-living index and Konüs’ condition // Econometrica. 1945. Vol. 13. No. 2. P. 171–181.Mudgett B.D. The cost-of-living index and Konüs’ condition. Econometrica. 1945; 13 (2): 171–181.Ulmer M.J. In the economic theory of cost of living index numbers // Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1946. Vol. 41. No. 236. P. 530–542.Ulmer M.J. In the economic theory of cost of living index numbers. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1946; 41 (236): 530–542.Kaldor N. Rationing and the cost of living index // The Review of Economic Studies. 1941. Vol. 8. No. 3. P. 185–187.Kaldor N. Rationing and the cost of living index. The Review of Economic Studies. 1941; 8 (3): 185–187.Triplett J.E. Should the cost-of-living index provide the conceptual framework for a consumer price index? // The Economic Journal. 2001. Vol. 111. No. 472. P. F311–F334.Triplett J.E. Should the cost-of-living index provide the conceptual framework for a consumer price index? The Economic Journal. 2001; 111 (472): F311-F334.Abraham K.G. Toward a cost-of-living index: progress and prospects // The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2003. Vol. 17. No. 1. P. 45–58.Abraham K.G. Toward a cost-of-living index: progress and prospects. The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2003; 17 (1): 45–58.Pollak R. A. Subindexes in the cost of living index // International Economic Review. 1975. Vol. 16. No. 1. P. 135–150.Pollak R. A. Subindexes in the cost of living index. International Economic Review. 1975; 16 (1): 135–150.Pollak R.A. Group cost-of-living index //The American Economic Review. 1980. Vol. 70. No. 2. P. 273–278.Pollak R.A. Group cost-of-living index. The American Economic Review. 1980; 70 (2): 273–278.Blackorby C., Russell R.R. Indices and subindices of the cost of living and the standard of living // International Economic Review. 1978. Vol. 19. No. 1. P. 229–240.Blackorby C., Russell R.R. Indices and subindices of the cost of living and the standard of living. International Economic Review. 1978; 19 (1): 229–240.Klein L.R., Rubin H. A constant-utility index of the cost of living // The Review of Economic Studies. 1947–1948. Vol. 15. No. 2. P. 84–87.Klein L.R., Rubin H. A constant-utility index of the cost of living. The Review of Economic Studies. 1947–1948; 15 (2): 84–87.Chetty V.K. On the construction of the cost of living and productivity indices // International Economic Review. 1971. Vol. 12. No. 1. P. 144–146.Chetty V.K. On the construction of the cost of living and productivity indices. International Economic Review. 1971; 12 (1): 144–146.Braithwait S.D. The substitution bias of the Laspeyres price index: an analysis using estimated cost-of-living index // The American Economic Review. 1980. Vol. 70. No. 1. P. 64–77.Braithwait S.D. The substitution bias of the Laspeyres price index: an analysis using estimated cost-of-living index. The American Economic Review. 1980; 70 (1): 64–77.Beatty T.K., Larsen E.R. Using Engel curves to estimate bias in the Canadian CPI as a cost of living index // The Canadian Journal of Economics. 2005. Vol. 38. No. 2. P. 482–499.Beatty T.K., Larsen E.R. Using Engel curves to estimate bias in the Canadian CPI as a cost of living index. The Canadian Journal of Economics. 2005; 38 (2): 482–499.Pollak R.A. Welfare evaluation and the cost-of-living index in the household production model // The American Economic Review. 1978. Vol. 68. No. 3. P. 285–299.Pollak R.A. Welfare evaluation and the cost-ofliving index in the household production model. The American Economic Review. 1978; 68 (3): 285–299.Balk B.M. On calculating cost-of-livingindex numbers for arbitrary income levels //Econometrica. 1990. Vol. 58. No. 1. P. 75–92.Balk B.M. On calculating cost-of-living index numbers for arbitrary income levels. Econometrica. 1990; 58 (1): 75–92.Fry V., Pashardes P. Constructing the true cost of living index from the Engel curves of the piglog model // Journal of Applied Econometrics. 1989. Vol. 4. No. 1. P. 41–56.Fry V., Pashardes P. Constructing the true cost of living index from the Engel curves of the piglog model. Journal of Applied Econometrics. 1989; 4 (1): 41–56.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.